我国服务业开放对接CPTPP规则研究--以教育、文化和医疗服务业为例

Research on the CPTPP rules of China ’s service industry opening and docking--Taking education, culture and medical service industries as examples

2021年9月我国正式申请加入CPTPP,CPTPP对各缔约方设置了高标准的服务业开放规则,对我国服务业开放提出新挑战。本文以教育、文化和医疗三个服务业部门为切入点,逐一对标我国开放水平与CPTPP规则差距,探讨对接CPTPP规则,推动教育、文化和医疗服务业开放的举措。教育服务业的差距是市场准入限制高、学历学位互认障碍和对境外消费外汇管制,对接举措包括进一步取消准入限制、扩大高等教育学历学位互认,畅通跨境远程教育合作渠道等。文化服务业差距主要是禁止部门数量多、进入门槛高、进口审查审批严格。对接举措是在守住底线的基础上采取分类有限扩大准入的方式,逐步推进开放进程。医疗服务业差距主要是准入门槛高、非国民待遇和自然人移动限制。对接举措包括放开独资准入限制,推动跨境远程诊疗便利化,提高外资医疗机构国民待遇水平,推动学历学位、医师执业资格及医疗检验检测结果国际互认等。

In September 2021, China formally applied to join the CPTPP and the CPTPP set high standards for the opening of the service industry for all parties, posing new challenges to the opening of China ’s service industry. This article takes the three service sectors of education, culture and medical care as the entry point, benchmarks the gap between China ’s opening level and CPTPP rules one by one, and discusses the measures to connect with CPTPP rules and promote the opening of education, culture and medical service industries. The gap in the education service industry is high market access restrictions, barriers to mutual recognition of academic degrees, and foreign exchange controls on overseas consumption, and the docking measures include further abolition of access restrictions, expansion of mutual recognition of higher education academic degrees, and unimpeded channels for cross-border distance education cooperation. The gap in the cultural service industry is mainly due to the large number of prohibited departments, high entry barriers, and strict import review and approval. The docking measures are based on keeping the bottom line and adopting a method of classifying limited and expanding access, and gradually promoting the opening process. The gaps in the medical service industry are mainly due to high entry barriers, non-national treatment and restrictions on the movement of natural persons. The docking measures include relaxing restrictions on sole proprietorship access, promoting the facilitation of cross-border remote diagnosis and treatment, improving the national treatment level of foreign-funded medical institutions, and promoting international mutual recognition of academic degrees, physician qualifications, and medical inspection and testing results.