浙江特大镇发展和治理问题的分析与思考

Analysis and thinking on the development and governance of Zhejiang mega-towns

本文研究对象为非县级政府驻地特大镇。从调研情况看,当前浙江特大镇发展和治理面临的突出问题是政策效应转弱、发展“被边缘化”和治理“小马拉大车”。主要表现在“地、钱、人、权”四个方面:一是要素配置与经济规模不匹配;二是可用财力与支出责任不匹配;三是管理力量与人口规模不匹配;四是执法权限与管理需求不匹配。从推进共同富裕和现代化“两个先行”目标的要求高度,认为特大镇是浙江发展制造业的重要空间、吸纳农业转移人口的重要载体和实现城乡基本公共服务均等化的重要支撑。因此本文认为,在新的时代背景下特大镇的地位只能加强,不能削弱。并建议要用改革思维去破解:一是在县域规划中进一步突出特大镇的地位;二是以盘活存量为主破解特大镇用地困局;三是进一步深化特大镇财政管理体制改革;四是多管齐下缓解管理人员编制紧缺;五是向特大镇进一步放权赋能。还建议争取探索建立能够适应发展和治理需要的新的特大镇管理体制改革试点。

The research object of this report is the mega-towns where the non-county-level government is located. From the survey situation, the outstanding problems facing the development and governance of Zhejiang ’s mega-towns are the weakening of policy effects, the “marginalization” of development and the “small horse-drawn cart” of governance. It is mainly manifested in four aspects: “land, money, people, and rights”: first, the mismatch between factor allocation and economic scale;second, there is a mismatch between available financial resources and expenditure responsibilities;third, the management power does not match the size of the population;fourth, there is a mismatch between law enforcement authority and management needs. From the height of the requirement of advancing common prosperity and the “two first” goals of modernization, it is believed that mega-towns are an important space for the development of manufacturing industry in Zhejiang, an important carrier for absorbing agricultural transfer population, and an important support for the equalization of urban and rural basic public services. Based on this, it is believed that under the background of the new era, the status of mega-towns can only be strengthened, not weakened. It is recommended to use reform thinking to solve the problem: first, further highlight the status of mega-towns in county planning;the second is to revitalize the stock to solve the predicament of land use in mega-towns;the third is to further deepen the reform of the financial management system of mega-towns;the fourth is to take a multi-pronged approach to alleviate the shortage of management staff;the fifth is to further decentralize power to mega-towns. It is also recommended to strive to explore the establishment of a new pilot reform of the management system of mega-towns that can meet the needs of development and governance.