基于震前高分影像和震害仿真的建筑物震害快速评估: 以四川泸定6.8级地震为例

Rapid assessment of building seismic damage based on pre-earthquake high-resolution images and seismic simulation, taking the Luding M6.8 earthquake in Sichuan as an example

精细化的建筑物震害评估,对震后应急救援和烈度评估具有重要的意义.为解决因震后高分辨率影像缺乏导致无法快速开展建筑物震害评估的实际需求,以四川泸定6.8级地震为例,提出基于震前高分影像和震害仿真的建筑物震害快速评估方法.首先通过深度学习技术提取灾区建筑物空间信息,在收集实际地震动记录的基础上,结合精细化的建筑物震害仿真方法,对震中部分村镇的建筑物震害及地震烈度进行了快速评估,并与震后获取的无人机影像解译结果、现场调查烈度及余震等进行验证.结果表明震中附近的磨西镇烈度估计达到Ⅸ度,其他地点的估计结果与发布的烈度图进行比较,其衰减较为一致,且与余震发生空间较为重合,进一步证明该方法可作为震后大范围影像缺失的"盲区"的建筑物震害快速评估的有效方法,为现场应急、灾害调查和烈度评定提供信息支撑.

The refined seismic damage assessment of buildings is significant for post-earthquake emergency rescue and intensity assessment.To solve the actual demand that the building seismic damage assessment cannot be done quickly due to the lack of high-resolution images after the earthquake.Taking the Luding earthquake of magnitude 6.8 in Sichuan Province as an example,a rapid assessment method for building damage based on pre-earthquake high-resolution images and seismic damage simulation is proposed.Based on actual ground motion records and the refined building seismic damage simulation method,some towns'building seismic damage at the earthquake's epicenter was rapidly assessed and verified with the interpretation from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)images after the earthquake,the published intensity map,and aftershocks.The results show that the intensity of Moxi Town,where the epicenter is located,is estimated to reachⅨdegree.The estimated results of other locations show that their attenuation is consistent with the published intensity map and the aftershock occurrence space.It further proves that this method can be used as an effective method for rapid assessment of building seismic damage in the blind area where images are missing in an extensive range after the earthquake.It also provides information support for the on-site emergency,disaster investigation,and intensity assessment.