教会医院产科服务与地方社会 ---以汉口协和医院产科工作为例 (1931-1949)

Midwifery Services of Missionary Hospital and the Local Society:A Case Study on the Hankow Union Hospital,1931-1949

近代教会医院和传教士医生是现代产科服务在中国各地传播扩散的有力推手,在改善地方妇婴卫生方面发挥了重要作用。本文以汉口协和医院产科部为例,利用该医院1931年至1949年出版的年报,结合定性和定量资料来看该医院产科服务的发展,尝试分析现代化产科服务如何在人口增长、自然灾害与战争相继发生的汉口发展演变。概言之,这一时期汉口协和医院产科服务的影响力渐增,同时所接诊产妇的社会阶层构成发生变化。该个案也反映出现代产科在近代华中城市的推广与地方社会、人口及时局有着错综复杂的联系。

Missionary hospitals and medical missionaries contributed tremendously to the promotion of modern midwifery and the improvement of maternal and infant healthcare in China during the modern period.By using annual reports of the Hankow Union Hospital from 1931 to 1949 as well as combining both qualitative and quantitative sources,this article attempts to examine how a missionary hospital’s midwifery department developed in the urban context,and how modern midwifery services and maternal welfare adapted to the city of Hankow in a period when the local population increased rapidly,and natural disaster and wars took place one after another.Specifically,this case study demonstrates that the influence of the hospital’s midwifery services increased in the city while the composition of social classes of the parturient women changed overtime.The case also indicates that the promotion of modern midwifery in urban areas of Central China during the Republican period was in complex relationship with political,social and demographic developments of the local society.