乳铁蛋白在中枢神经系统疾病中的作用机制及其研究进展

Mechanism of action and progress of research into lactoferrin in central nervous system diseases

乳铁蛋白是动物初乳中的一种多功能天然蛋白质,不仅参与铁的转运,还具有广谱抗菌、抗氧化、抗癌、调节免疫系统等强大生物功能。近年来研究发现乳铁蛋白可通过受体介导的胞吞作用进入血脑屏障,激活小胶质/巨噬细胞耦合以诱导促炎反应,在调节铁稳态、炎症反应、氧化应激、细胞凋亡、血管形成中都发挥着重要作用。本文从乳铁蛋白的生物学特性、功能及其在早期神经发育和认知功能、中枢神经系统退行性疾病、脑出血、急性缺血性脑卒中及中枢神经系统肿瘤等多种疾病中的相关机制及研究进展作一综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。

Lactoferrin is a natural multifunctional protein found in animal colostrum.It is involved in iron transport and has powerful biological functions involved in regulating the immune system and fighting broad-spectrum bacteria,oxidation and cancer.Recent studies have found that lactoferrin can pass the blood-brain barrier through receptormediated cytocytosis and activate microglia/macrophage coupling to induce pro-inflammatory responses.Thus,lactoferrin plays an important role in regulating iron homeostasis,inflammatory responses,oxidative stress,apoptosis,and angiogenesis.Therefore,this article reviews the biological characteristics and functions of lactoferrin and its related mechanisms and the progress of research into early neural development and cognitive functions,neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system,intracerebral hemorrhage,acute ischemic stroke,and tumors of central nervous system to provide a reference for related research.