血管化类器官的构建思路与技术挑战

Ideas and technical challenges of vascularized organoid construction

类器官因其可在体外最大化模拟人体组织器官的结构和功能,成为近年来新药研发、病理毒理研究和机理探索的优选模型载体。随着再生医学技术的发展和类器官相关研究的逐步深入,缺乏血管化微环境的类器官在培养后期受限于氧气、营养物质的缺失,出现细胞凋亡甚至组织坏死,难以长期维持结构和功能,成为类器官进一步推广应用的关键桎梏。本文围绕上述问题,从血管的形成以及目前血管化类器官的体外构建体系进行综述,凝练血管化类器官培养中存在的核心问题,以期为血管化类器官的研究与应用提供新视角。

Organoids have become the preferred model for new drug development,pathological and toxicological research,and mechanistic exploration in recent years because of their ability to maximally simulate the structure and function of human tissues and organs in vitro.With the development of regenerative medicine technology and the gradual advancement of organoid research,organoids lacking a vascularized microenvironment suffer from apoptosis and even tissue necrosis in the later stage of culture because of the lack of oxygen and nutrients,making it difficult to maintain the structure and function of the organoid in the long term.This has become a major obstacle for further application in the clinic.By focusing on the above issues,this review summarizes the formation of blood vessels and the current construction system of vascularized organoids in vitro,and condenses the core problems in the culture of vascularized organoids to provide new perspectives for future research and applications.