砧木‘SA15’对‘赤霞珠’和‘脆光’葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

Effects of Rootstock 'SA15' on Growth and Fruit Quality of'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Cuiguang' Grapevine

以3年生‘SA15’为砧木的‘赤霞珠’和‘脆光’嫁接苗为试材,研究砧木‘SA15’对‘赤霞珠’和‘脆光’葡萄生长、光合特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明:与自根苗相比,‘赤霞珠’和‘脆光’葡萄嫁接苗新梢长度分别降低6.5%和7.58%,叶片净光合速率分别提高11.75%和12.06%,枝条节间粗度分别提高16.70%和15.04%,枝条可溶性糖含量分别提高15.48%和11.86%,枝条淀粉含量分别提高13.7%和7.49%。果实品质方面,‘赤霞珠’嫁接苗的果实可溶性固形物含量比自根苗提高4.73%,果皮花色苷、类黄酮、黄烷醇含量分别比自根苗提高了7.38%、5.99%、18.22%;‘脆光’嫁接苗的可溶性固形物含量比自根苗提高了3.44%,果皮花色苷、类黄酮、黄烷醇含量分别比自根苗提高了44.12%、14.45%、20.43%。综上所述,‘SA15’砧木嫁接降低了‘赤霞珠’和‘脆光’枝条节间长度,提高了接穗叶片叶绿素含量和净光合能力,增加了节间粗度和枝条储藏营养,提高了越冬抗寒能力、果实可溶性固形物含量及果皮次生代谢物质含量。

Three-year-old'Cabernet Sauvignon'and'Cuiguang'grafted on'SA15'rootstock were used to study the effects of rootstock'SA15'on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of'Cabernet Sauvignon'and'Cuiguang'grapevines.The results showed that compared with self-rooted seedlings,the shoot length of'Cabernet Sauvignon'and'Cuiguang'grafted seedlings decreased 6.5%and 7.58%respectively,the net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased 11.75%and 12.06%,respectively,the internode diameter of branches increased 16.70%and 15.04%respectively;the soluble sugar content of branches increased 15.48%and 11.86%respectively,the starch content of branches increased 13.7%and 7.49%respectively.In aspect of fruit quality,the soluble solids content of'Cabernet Sauvignon'fruits was 4.73%higher than that of self-rooted seedling,the contents of fruit peel anthocyanin,flavonoid and flavanol were 7.38%,5.99%,18.22%higher than that of self-rooted seedling respectively;the soluble solids content of'Cuiguang'fruits was 3.44%higher than that of self-rooted seedling,the contents of fruit peel anthocyanin,flavonoid and flavanol were 44.12%,14.45%and 20.43%higher than that of the self-rooted seedling,respectively.To sum up,'SA15'rootstock grafting reduced the internode length of'Cabernet Sauvignon'and'Cuiguang'branches,increased leaf chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic capacity,increased internode diameter and branch storage nutrients,and improved winter cold resistance;and improved fruit soluble solids content and secondary metabolites content of fruit peel.