黄河口及邻近海域游泳生物群落结构变化及其与环境因子的关系

Changes of Community Structure of Swimming Organisms in the Yellow River Estuary and Adjacent Waters and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors

为进一步了解黄河口及其邻近海域的渔业资源状况,基于2020年5、8和9月份在该海域进行的底拖网调查资料,利用相对重要性指数结合生物多样性相关指数,分析了游泳生物群落结构及其生物多样性特征;利用卫星遥感数据、种类数量及现场调查渔业资源单位捕捞努力量进行空间叠加分析;通过划分渔业生境对各生境特征和分布进行研究,分析了游泳动物群落结构的变动情况及影响因素。结果显示:调查期间共统计到101种游泳动物,其中鱼类54种、甲壳类38种、头足类9种。资源量较高的站位主要分布于近海周边以及莱州湾西南部,生物种类数整体上处于较低水平,春季下降尤为严重,9月份生物种类数较高可能得益于伏季休渔和增殖放流。黄河口优势种的生物量占比皆未超过15%,按照相似度大于55%划分4个渔业基础生境,三个调查月份渔业生境差异度逐渐减少,部分站位共性加强,渔业生境组内空间分布整体性提高,渔业生境破碎化程度逐渐减轻。

In order to further understand the status of fishery resources in the Yellow River Estuary and its adjacent waters,based on the data of bottom trawl survey conducted in May,August and September 2020,the community structure and biodiversity characteristics of swimming organisms are analyzed using the relative importance index combined with biodiversity correlation index.Satellite remote sensing data,species number and field survey CPUE are used for spatial overlay analysis.The characteristics and distribution of each fishery habitat are studied,and the changes of community structure and its influencing factors are analyzed.The results show that a total of 101 species of swimming animals are recorded,including 54 species of fish,38 species of crustaceans and 9 species of cepHalopods.The stations with higher resources are mainly dispersed in the coastal areas and the southwest of Laizhou Bay,and the number of biological species is at a low level on the whole,the decline is particularly severe in spring,and the high number of species in September may be attributed to the closure of fishing and proliferation and release in summer.The biomass proportion of dominant species in the Yellow River Estuary is less than 15%,four basic fisheries habitats are divided according to their similarity greater than 55%.The differences of fishery habitats in the three survey months gradually decrease,and the commonness of some stations strengthens.The overall spatial distribution of fishery habitat group improves,and the fragmentation degree of fishery habitat gradually reduces.