《文心雕龙》“汉来杂文”指称考

“Miscellaneous Genres since Han Dynasty”in Wenxin Diaolong

《文心雕龙·杂文》篇末提到的“汉来杂文”,涉及了四种汉代以来出现过的不同的“杂文”观。“典诰誓问”是先秦古老文体,在汉代以来已经失去生命力,在《文心雕龙》中附入《史传》和《诸子》。“览略篇章”与一般的文体有明显的性质差别,属于类文体,附入《附会》和《练字》。“曲操弄引”指琴曲歌辞,是琴曲的陪衬,附入《乐府》。“吟讽谣咏”泛指富于情采的诗赋,在西汉被视为小道,《文心雕龙》附入《明诗》《乐府》和《诠赋》。它们都是曾被边缘化的文体。正确认识《文心雕龙》所称“汉来杂文”,对于我们理解汉代至南朝齐的文体价值观念有重要意义。

At the end of the chapter Zawen(Miscellaneous genres)in Wenxin Diaolong,Liu Xie mentioned 16 genres that were once called“Miscellaneous”since the Han dynasty.It reflects four kinds of notions about what kind of genre would be taken as inferior or left out.The first group is made up of dian(canons),gao(announcements),shi(battle speeches),wen(inquiries).These are ancient genres that have lost their vitality since the Han dynasty.They are included in the chapter Shizhuan(historiography)and Zhuzi(scholars)in Liu’s book.The second group lanluepianzhang(overview verses)differ from normal genres as they are not strictly“literature genres”and are included in the chapter Fuhui(general consistency)and Lianzi(choice of words).The third group,Qucaonongyin refers the songs of zither music,which is a subsidiary to the zither music and are included in the chapter Yuefu(songs).The fourth group,yinfengyaoyong,refers to poetic verse,and were regarded as minor in the Western Han dynasty and were added to the chapter Mingshi(exegesis of poetry),Yuefu(songs)and Quanfu(elucidation of rhapsodies).All these were once inferior genres.Studying the“Miscellaneous Genres since Han dynasty”mentioned in Wenxin Diaolong may give us a better understanding about the value notion toward literary genres during the period from Han dynasty to Southern Qi dynasty.