高质量且公平:印度高等教育发展行动研究

A Strategic Action Committed to a Fair and High-quality Higher Education in India

为提供公平且高质量的高等教育,印度于2020年7月颁布了《国家教育政策(2020)》。该政策在充分规划的基础上确定了印度高等教育改革目标与内容:合并和重组高等教育机构,打造大型优质的多学科大学;创新学科组合和课程设置,形成全面和多学科的教育模式;完善开放式远程学习系统,优化教育信息化服务;构建双向互动交流体系,推动印度作为全球学习目的地;建立全方位支持中心,助力学生能力全面发展;激发各领域创新活力,加强国家科研能力建设。但在政策推行过程中仍面临一系列挑战:高等教育机构高度分散,科研水平低下;资源分配严重不均衡,难以满足多主体需求;经费来源渠道单一,制约大学可持续发展;高素质人才流失严重,教育回报率难以保证;高校教师资源严重短缺,教学质量难以提高等。

In order to provide a fair and high-quality higher education,India promulgated a national educa⁃tion policy called National Education Policy(2020)in July 2020.The policy sets the objectives and contents of higher education reform in India on the basis of full planning,implements the merger and reorganization of high⁃er education institutions to create large-scale,high-quality multidisciplinary universities,innovates the combi⁃nation of subjects and curriculum,forms a comprehensive and multidisciplinary education model,improves the open distance learning system,optimizes educational information services,constructs a two-way interactive communication system,and promotes India as a global learning destination.The policy also aims to establish an omni-directional support center to help students develop their abilities in an all-round way,to stimulate the vi⁃tality of innovation in various fields,to strengthen the building of national scientific research capacity,and other specific actions.However,in the process of policy implementation,higher education institutions are still highly dispersed and the level of scientific research is low;the distribution of resources is seriously uneven,which is difficult to meet the needs of multiple subjects;at the same time,the source of funding is relatively single,which restricts the sustainable development of universities.There are also a series of challenges,such as serious high quality brain drain which makes it difficult to guarantee the return rate of education,serious shortage of teachers in colleges and universities,which makes it hard to improve teaching quality and others.