中国慈善政策合作网络与主题热点演化研究——基于SNA和LDA的大数据分析

A Study on the Evolution of China's Charity Policy Cooperation Network and Hot Topics—A Big Data Analysis Based on SNA Method and LDA Model

结合大数据分析深度挖掘我国慈善政策的演变路径,有助于提高政府决策水平,推动慈善事业高质量发展。采用社会网络分析(SNA)方法与潜在狄立克雷分配(LDA)主题模型,对我国1986—2021年788份慈善政策的合作网络与主题热点进行演化分析,结果显示:我国慈善政策经历了萌芽期(1986—1997年)、初步发展期(1998—2007年)与快速发展期(2008—2021年)三个阶段;合作网络由“中心—边缘型”演变为“松散型”,逐步形成以民政部、财政部与国家税务总局为核心的多主体决策格局;主题热点内容丰富多样且与时俱进,主题强度逐渐趋向于均衡。建议从强化政策顶层设计、构建主体协同机制及合理分配政策注意力三个方面提高慈善政策效能。

Combining big data analysis to explore the evolution of China's charity policy is helpful to improve the level of government decision-making and promote the high-quality development of the charity.Based on Social Network Analysis(SNA)method and Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA)model,this study analyzes the evolution of cooperation networks and hot topics of 788 China's charity policies from 1986 to 2021.The results show that China's charity policy has experienced three stages including the embryonic stage(1986-1997),the preliminary development stage(1998-2007),and the rapid development stage(2008-2021).The cooperation network evolves from the central-marginal type to the loose type and gradually forms a multi-main sector decision-making pattern with the Ministry of Civil Affairs,the Ministry of Finance,and the State Taxation Bureau as the core.The content of hot topics is rich and varied,and keeps pace with the times,while the intensity of the hot topics is gradually becoming balanced.It is suggested to improve the effectiveness of charity policies from three aspects such as strengthening top-level policy design,constructing a master synergy mechanism,and reasonably allocating policy attention.