美国退役军人住房保障经验及其对中国的启示

U.S.Veterans Housing Security Experience and Its Implications for China

党的十八大以来,我国退役军人的待遇和福利问题得到高度重视。如何优化退役军人待遇、彰显军人荣誉成为实务界和学界亟待回应的议题。住房保障政策是“让军人成为全社会尊崇的职业”的重要政策着力点之一。在缓解退役军人住房问题上,美国先后经历了从注重贷款担保到实行多重保障的优化过程,主要经验包括立法政策先行、注重市场机制、充分激活和发挥社会力量的作用等。在住房保障政策不断完善的过程中,美国政府在退役军人住房保障中的角色也经历了“兜底保障—金融支持—综合保障”的演变。参考美国相关经验,在新的时代背景下,我国退役军人主管部门可从强化组织力量、设立退役军人住房保障专司机构等方面入手,建立健全基于功绩的住房保障政策,推动我国退役军人政策制度体系高质量发展。

The care and welfare of China’s veterans has received much attention since the 18th Party Congress.Practitioners and scholars urgently need to address the problem of how to improve veterans’care and enhance the honor of military personnel.In order to realize the goal of“making military personnel a profession recognized by the whole society”,it is crucial to improve housing security policies for veterans.The US has undergone a process of optimization to address the housing needs of veterans,moving away from a focus on mortgage loans to multiple security.Key lessons include making legislation and policy a top priority,focusing on market mechanisms,and fully activating and utilizing social organizations.Housing security for veterans in the US has changed from“safety net—financial support—comprehensive assistance”.The development of housing policy for veterans in the US has many implications for China.China’s Ministry of Veterans Affairs could focus on measures such as establishing a specific institution in charge of housing assistance for veterans,improving the merit-based housing security system,and specifying measures to provide assistance to make housing more affordable for Chinese veterans.