异质环境分权对企业绿色创新效率的非线性影响--考虑多重中介与财政分权调节效应

Nonlinear Effects of Heterogeneous Environment Decentralization on Green Innovation Efficiency of Enterprises:Considering the Multiple Mediation and the Moderating Effects of Fiscal Decentralization

基于异质环境分权理论,采用2009-2020年我国省际工业企业面板数据,利用动态GMM面板模型实证分析和检验环保人事分权、环保资金分权和环保立法分权对企业绿色创新效率的非线性影响,探讨企业绿色研发投入和研发产出因素的中介效应,最后分析财政分权在其中的调节作用。研究表明:①环保人事分权、环保立法分权与企业绿色创新效率均呈倒U型关系,而环保资金分权与企业绿色创新效率呈U型关系,当前我国大部分省域的3种环境分权均未跨过拐点,环保人事分权、立法(或资金)分权对企业绿色创新效率的影响处于促进(或抑制)阶段;②企业绿色研发投入和研发产出是环境分权对企业绿色创新效率发挥作用的主要传导路径,其中,绿色研发人员投入、绿色研发经费投入、绿色技术产出与绿色经济产出均呈现出显著的部分或完全中介作用;③财政分权正向调节环保人事分权、环保资金分权与企业绿色创新效率之间的非线性关系,而对环保立法分权与绿色创新效率之间的倒U型关系起负向调节作用。

Green technology innovation is the fundamental way to promote the transformation of regional economic structure,and a reasonable environmental management system is the key to encouraging regional enterprises to carry out green innovation.As the main body of green innovation,enterprises need to bear the dual externalities of innovation activities.It is difficult for them to realize green transformation only by market mechanism,and environmental policy intervention of the local governments is an important driver of enterprises'green transformation.The environmental decentralization system,as the basic guarantee for local governments to independently formulate environmental policies,is expected to strengthen the flexibility of local governments in environmental governance.What impact will the existing environmental decentralization system and the level of decentralization have on the efficiency of green innovation of enterprises?It shall promote the green transformation of economic society by exploring this issue.The allocation of power and responsibility in economic affairs between central and local governments will also affect the decision-making of local governments in environmental management.The existing research on the impact of environmental decentralization on green innovation efficiency of enterprises is insufficient,and scholars have paid more attention to the relationship between environmental decentralization and green development.Most scholars focus on exploring the direct impact of environmental decentralization on green development without reaching generally-accepted consensus.Following the theory of heterogeneous environmental decentralization,this paper uses the panel data of China's inter-provincial industrial enterprises from 2009 to 2020,and employs the dynamic GMM panel model to empirically analyze and test the nonlinear impact of environmental protection personnel decentralization,environmental protection funds decentralization,and environmental protection legislation decentralization on the efficiency of green innovation of enterprises,and explore the mediating effect of multiple factors in green R&D input and R&D output of enterprises,and finally it analyzes the moderating effect of fiscal decentralization.The study finds that firstly both the decentralization of environmental protection personnel and decentralization of environmental protection legislation have an inverted U-shaped impact on the efficiency of enterprise green innovation,while the decentralization of environmental protection funds has an U-shaped impact on the efficiency of enterprise green innovation.There are obvious differences in the level of environmental decentralization in different dimensions among provinces in China.At present,three types of environmental decentralization in most provinces in China have not crossed the inflection point,and the impact of environmental protection personnel and legislative decentralization on the efficiency of green innovation of enterprises is in the promotion stage,while environmental protection funds decentralization has a blocking effect on the efficiency of enterprise green innovation.Secondly the green R&D input and R&D output of enterprises are the main transmission channels through which environmental decentralization plays a role in the green innovation efficiency of enterprises.Among them,the input of green R&D personnel and green R&D funds,and the output of green technology and the green economy show a significant partial or complete mediating role.Thirdly fiscal decentralization positively moderates the inverted U-shaped or U-shaped relationship among environmental protection personnel decentralization,environmental protection funds decentralization and the efficiency of green innovation of enterprises,while negatively moderates the inverted U-shaped relationship between the decentralization of environmental protection legislation and the efficiency of enterprise green innovation.On the basis of the research results,this paper puts forward the following suggestions.Firstly for the different dimensions of environmental decentralization,the government should adopt regional differentiated environmental decentralization policies.Secondly the government should pay attention to the mediating role of green R&D input and R&D output,guide and urge enterprises to increase R&D investment and encourage enterprises to carry out technological innovation through environmental policy means.Thirdly it is essential to match the degree of fiscal decentralization with the division of central and regional environmental management authority,and further give play to the advantageous role of local governments in environmental decentralization governance from the perspective of fiscal decentralization.