好氧微生物抑制煤自燃机理研究现状及展望

Present situation and prospect of research on mechanism of inhibiting coal spontaneous combustion by aerobic microorganisms

综述了微生物对煤脱硫、降解方面的研究现状,利用好氧微生物处理煤可降低煤中硫含量(黄铁矿)、破坏煤中羟基、羰基、羧基等活性基团以及消耗O_(2)、产生CO_(2)气体等特性,提出用生物技术来延缓煤氧化进程、阻断煤氧化路径从而抑制煤自燃的设想。基于利用微生物对煤表面环境状态以及微观结构改变的特性,从煤氧化反应本身为切入点防控煤自燃。针对好氧微生物改性驯化对煤中硫含量、活性基团的影响,对现阶段常用的煤炭脱硫、降解类微生物(如嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌、黄孢原毛平革菌等)进行分析,总结了可用于抑制煤自燃的微生物生长特性及其差异性,最终提出可用多种功能微生物分步协同作用来抑制煤自燃的思路,对煤自燃新型绿色阻化剂的开发进行了展望。

The research status of microbial desulfurization and degradation of coal was summarized.The treatment of coal with aerobic mi⁃croorganisms can reduce the sulfur content(pyrite),destroy the active groups such as hydroxyl,carbonyl and carboxyl in coal,consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide gas.The idea of using biotechnology to delay the coal oxidation process and blocking coal oxidation path so as to inhibit the spontaneous combustion of coal was put forward.This is based on the use of the characteristics of microorganisms to change the environmental state and microstructure of the coal surface to prevent and control spontaneous combustion of coal from the coal oxidation reaction itself.In view of the effect of aerobic microbial modification and domestication on the sulfur content and active groups of coal,the commonly used microorganisms for coal desulfurization and degradation(such asAcidthiobacillus ferrooxidans,Phanero⁃chaete chrysosporium,etc.)were analyzed,and the growth characteristics and differences of microorganisms that could be used to inhib⁃it coal spontaneous combustion were summarized.Finally,the idea that the spontaneous combustion of coal could be inhibited by the stepby-step synergy of various functional microorganisms was proposed,and a new prospect for the development of new green inhibitors of coal spontaneous combustion was made.