DNA羟甲基化检测方法的研究进展

Research progress based on DNA hydroxymethylation detection method

5-羟甲基胞嘧啶(5-hydroxymethylcytosine,5hmC)是5-甲基胞嘧啶(5-methylcytosine,5mC)的羟基化形式,是一种重要的表观遗传修饰,它的形成与癌症、自身免疫性疾病以及糖尿病等疾病的发生有着密切关联。因此,构建5hmC检测方法对于疾病的早期诊断和预后评价具有极其重要的意义。传统的检测方法主要薄层色谱法、免疫标记法和高效液相色谱法等,这类方法不但耗时长、成本高、灵敏度低且干扰因素多。近年来,随着对DNA羟甲基化的不断深入研究,寻找快速、简便、经济的检测方法已成为该领域的研究热点。本文总结了5hmC新型检测方法的研究进展,包括新型测序策略、液相色谱-质谱联用、荧光标记法、电化学分析方法和光谱检测法,以期为今后5hmC的精准检测和实际应用提供有用的参考和指导。

5-hydroxymethylcytosine(5hmC),a hydroxylated form of 5-methylcytosine(5mC),is an important epigenetic modification,and its formation is closely associated with the development of cancer,autoimmune diseases and diabetes.Therefore,the construction of 5hmC assay is extremely important for the early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of diseases.Traditional detection methods,such as thin-layer chromatography,immunolabeling and high performance liquid chromatography,are time-consuming,costly,insensitive and have many interfering factors.In recent years,with the continuous research on DNA hydroxymethylation,the search for rapid,simple and economical detection methods has become a research hotspot in this field.This paper summarized the research progress of novel detection methods for 5hmC,including novel sequencing strategies,liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling,fluorescent labeling methods,electrochemical analysis methods and spectroscopic detection methods,in order to provide useful references and guidance for the accurate detection and practical application of 5hmC in the future.