不道德行为惩罚的公平感研究:“富人严惩效应”

Sense of Fairness and Punishment for Immoral Behavior The Effect of Severely Punishing the Rich

随着互联网的飞速发展,人们对不道德行为的关注增多,不道德行为惩罚的结果也会受到网友的热议。为了研究人们对不道德行为惩罚的公平感,本文采用了实验研究的方法,探讨贫富身份和公平信念对其的影响。先后有239名和228名职场人士参与线上实验。研究者从贫富群体不道德行为入手,探讨人们在不道德行为惩罚后所体验到的公平感,以及公平信念对此的调节作用。结果显示:(1)不道德行为惩罚会影响公平感,对不道德行为的轻判会引发人们较低的公平感;(2)不道德者的贫富身份对不道德行为惩罚的公平感具有调节作用;对富人不道德行为的惩罚更严时,人们感知到的公平感更强,即对不道德行为惩罚时出现了“富人严惩效应”;(3)当加入公平信念变量后,“富人严惩效应”仍然存在;(4)公平信念能够正向预测公平感,但并未调节人们对贫富群体不道德行为惩罚引发的公平感。这些发现对弱化贫富身份、促进共同富裕、提升人们社会公平感与构建和谐社会具有一定的启发。

With the rapid development of the Internet,people pay more attention to immoral behavior,and the results of punishment for immoral behaviors will also be hotly debated by netizens.In order to research people’s sense of fairness of punishment for immoral behavior,this paper adopts the method of experimental research to explore the influence of rich and poor status and belief of fairness on it.A total of 239 and 228 people who have worked participated in the online experiment successively.Start with the immoral behavior of rich and poor groups,the researchers explored the sense of fairness experienced by people after punishment for immoral behavior and the moderating effect of fairness beliefs on it.The results show that(1)Punishment for immoral behavior affects the sense of fairness,and the lighter punishment for immoral behaviors triggers lower sense of fairness.(2)Immoral punishment would affect people’s sense of fairness.The status of the immoral person as rich or poor moderates the sense of fairness of the punishment for immoral behavior,and when the punishment for the immoral behavior of the rich is more severe,the sense of fairness perceived by people is stronger,that is to say,there is an“effect of severely punishing the rich”when punishing the immoral behavior.(3)The“effect of severely punishing the rich”persists after adding belief of fairness.(4)The belief of fairness positively predicted the sense of fairness.However it do not moderate the sense of fairness of people’s punishment for immoral behavior in the rich or the poor.These findings have some implications for weakening the identity of the rich and the poor,promoting common prosperity,enhancing people’s sense of social justice and building a harmonious society.