管道湍流摩擦阻力研究成就与启示

Achievements and Enlightenment on Frictional Resistance of Turbulent Flow in Pipes

对管道流动阻力的准确预测是包括水利工程在内诸多工业过程设计和运行控制中基本但关键的要求之一。文中以管道湍流摩擦因子为主要对象,详尽梳理了雷诺相似准则与勃拉修斯公式、普朗特混合长度假设与普朗特-冯·卡门-尼古拉斯公式以及科尔布鲁克公式的发现历程,强调了物理思想创新的引领和指导作用。文中特别就科尔布鲁克公式自身的经验本质展开了讨论,以便正确使用和诠释其预测结果。此外,我们简要介绍了在该领域中国的贡献,从外国人在华的工作、华人在国外的工作到中国人在国内的工作,某种意义上反映了现代科学在国内的传播和发展历程,昭示着中国科学的光明前景。

The accurate prediction of flow resistance in pipes is one of the basic yet key requirements for the design and operation of many industrial processes,including hydraulic engineering projects.Focusing upon the turbulent friction factors in pipes,we review comprehensively the discovery processes of Reynolds similarity criterion and Blasius formula,Prandtl mixing length hypothesis and Prandtl-von Karman-Nikuradse formula,and Colebrook formula.The leading and guiding role of the innovation of physical thought is emphasized.We discuss in detail the empirical nature of Colebrook formula in order to correctly use and interpret its prediction.In addition,we introduce China’s contributions to this subject,including foreigner’s work in China,Chinese's work abroad,and work of Chinese in China,of which the trend in a sense reflects the spread and progress of modern science in China,and shows the bright future of science in China.