拓扑互锁结构研究现状及展望

A review on the studies of topological interlocking structures

拓扑互锁是一种新兴的结构设计理念,因特别的构成和连接方式,具有较优的力学性能,包括杰出的结构韧性、抗裂纹延展及抗局部破坏能力、较好的能量吸收能力等,近年来在众多领域内引起广泛关注。很多学者对此展开多方面的创新研究,取得了很大进展。首先在性能特征方面,目前关于拓扑互锁材料在准静态变形过程中的力学性能的分析研究已经较为全面,结构动态响应的分析也已有所开展;基于力学性能的研究,材料结构优化是近年研究的一个重点、正在系统化地完善之中;在工程应用方面,拓扑互锁结构在工程防护、航天材料、建筑设计、新型材料等一些领域都有应用研究,而且近年呈现出多元化、新颖有趣的趋势。本研究从拓扑互锁结构的优势特点、结构类型和应用等几个方面介绍近年来拓扑互锁结构国内外研究的进展及现状;在分析研究现状的基础上,也对拓扑互锁结构的未来发展趋势及可能拓展的工程应用进行了展望。

Topological interlocking structures/materials is an emerging design concept.By the shape and size of the same blocks engaged with each other to form a structure with special properties,the elements are mutually constrained but not firmly bonded together,and which is called a topological interlocking structures/materials.Owing to its superior mechanical properties,such as outstanding toughness of structure,energy absorption capacity,resistance to local damage,and so on,it has received wider attention from more and more fields in recent years.Many researchers have carried out innovative studies on various aspects,so great research progress has been made in both theory and application.Its application covers many fields such as cushioning and damping,sound and energy absorption,and architectural design.This paper reviews the research progress and current status of topological interlocking structures/materials at home and abroad in recent years from the advantages,structure types and applications.Based on the analysis of the research status,this paper also looks forward to the future development trend and possible engineering applications of topological interlocking structures/materials.