产油酵母发酵醪液油脂提取及溶剂筛选

Lipid extraction from oleaginous yeast fermentation mash and solvent selection

为建立简易高效的微生物油脂提取方法,文章以圆红酵母发酵醪液为原料,直接用溶剂对其进行处理,评估了24种溶剂的提取性能。研究结果表明:弱极性溶剂,如甲基叔丁基醚、氯仿、二氯乙烷等可直接从圆红酵母细胞中提取油脂,而短链醇类极性溶剂及烃类非极性溶剂均不能提取油脂;使用尼罗红和碘化丙啶对细胞进行染色后发现,极性和弱极性溶剂破坏了细胞膜和脂滴膜,有利于提取胞内油脂;利用低毒性的甲基叔丁基醚和乙酸乙酯处理发酵醪液,油脂提取率分别达到了85%和59%,且所得脂质的组成与酸热法提取的油脂相似。

To establish a simple and efficient method for lipid extraction,this paper explored the extraction performance of 24 solvents by directly treating the fermentation mash of Rhodotorula toruloides with the organic solvents.The results showed that weak-polar solvents such as methyl tert-butyl ether(MTBE),chloroform and dichloroethane could directly extract lipids from the yeast cells,while polar solvents of short-chain alcohol and non-polar solvents of hydrocarbon were unable to do the extraction.Analysis of cells stained with Nile Red and propidium iodide showed that polar and weak-polar solvents disrupted the cell and lipid droplet membranes,facilitating the extraction of intracellular lipids.Relatively less toxic MTBE and ethyl acetate were used to treat the fermentation mash,and lipid extraction rates of 85%and 59%were achieved,respectively,and the lipid composition was similar to that of the acid-heating extraction.