农村零碳能源系统构建框架研究

Research in construction of zero-carbon rural energy system

我国农村清洁能源开发潜力较大。经测算,我国农光互补、渔光互补、屋顶光伏等复合光伏利用模式的总开发潜力可达120亿kW,年发电量达14.4万亿kW·h。光伏发电可以作为我国农村能源系统的电量主体。生物质综合利用具有重要战略意义,能够解决农村废弃物的污染问题,每年能源化利用的生物质总量可超过20亿t标煤。我国农业生产和农村生活须要加快电能替代进程,预计2050年我国农村耗电量将达2万亿kW·h。未来我国农村能源系统将呈现“百分百清洁能源+生物质规模化利用+高电气化率”的特征。测算结果表明,我国农村能够以100%清洁能源满足能源需求,实现农村能源系统零碳排放,具备较高的环境效益。

China's rural clean energy has great development potential.It is estimated that the total development potential of composite PV utilization mode such as"Agri-PV","Fishing-PV"and residential PV in China can reach 12 TW and generate 14400 TWh electricity annually,which means PV generation will become the main body of electricity in China's rural energy system.Biomass comprehensive utilization has important strategic significance,which can solve the problem of rural waste pollution.The annual biomass energy utilization can exceed 2 billion tce.China's agricultural production and rural life need to accelerate the replacement by electric power.It is estimated that China's rural electricity consumption will reach 2000 TWh in 2050.In the future,China's rural energy system will be characterized by"100%clean energy+large-scale biomass utilization+high electrification rate".The results show that China's rural energy demand can be meet by 100%clean energy to achieve zero carbon emissions with high environmental benefits.