富油微藻-真菌共培养资源化处理模拟畜禽养殖废水的效能研究

Performance of Simulated Livestock Wastewater Resource Recovery by Co-Cultivation of Oleaginous Microalgae and Fungi

为探究富油微藻-真菌共培养处理畜禽养殖废水的可行性,构建小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和米曲霉菌(Aspergillus oryzae)的共培养体系,通过调节不同比例的微藻真菌初始接种量,对模拟畜禽养殖废水污染物去除、藻菌结合与采收、生物质干质量与生化组分以及生物柴油生产能力进行系统研究.结果表明:①C.vulgaris和A.oryzae在废水处理过程中具有协同效应,与C.vulgaris单独处理相比,共培养更有利于污染物的去除.最优藻菌接种比例为25∶1,TN、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TP、COD和Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率分别达72.51%、71.19%、92.23%、91.47%和90.38%.藻菌共培养对3种磺胺类药物(SAs)也具有显著的生物去除效果,磺胺二甲嘧啶(SMZ)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)和磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)的去除率分别达57.61%、58.31%和50.48%.②丝状真菌易于与微藻形成球状体,在菌丝强力支撑作用下,C.vulgaris在废水中呈现悬浮状态,提高污染物的去除率,并实现对微藻的高效采收,最高采收效率为76.91%,采收后的总生物质干质量高达1.26 g/L,总叶绿素含量达15.99 mg/g.③藻菌生物质中蛋白质、多糖和油脂的含量分别为111、136和249 mg/g,而脂肪酸组分主要以C16∶0(棕榈酸)、C18∶1(油酸)和C18:2(亚油酸)为主,有利于生物柴油生产.研究显示,C.vulgaris和A.oryzae共培养不仅能有效去除废水中的各类污染物,而且能实现生物质的资源化利用,在畜禽养殖废水处理中具有潜在的工程应用价值.

To explore the feasibility of co-cultivation of oleaginous microalgae and fungi for the treatment of simulated livestock wastewater,a co-cultivation system of Chlorella vulgaris and Aspergillus oryzae was constructed.By adjusting different initial inoculum ratios of microalgae and fungi,the removal efficiency of pollutants from wastewater,the incorporation and harvesting of microalgae and fungi,the dry weight and biochemical composition of biomass,as well as the production capacity of biodiesel were systematically studied.The results showed that:(1)C.vulgaris and A.oryzae had synergistic effects in wastewater treatment,and the co-cultivation system was more beneficial to the removal of pollutants than C.vulgaris alone.The optimal inoculation ratio of C.vulgaris-A.oryzae was 25:1,while the removal rates of TN,NH_(4)^(+)-N,TP,COD and Cu(Ⅱ)were 72.51%,71.19%,92.23%,91.47%and 90.38%,respectively.In addition,the co-cultivation system also showed better biological removals for three sulfonamides.The removal rates of sulfadiazine(SMZ),sulfamethoxazole(SMX)and sulfamethoxine(SMM)reached 57.61%,58.31%and 50.48%,respectively.(2)Filamentous fungi were easy to form spherical particles with microalgae cells.With the strong support of mycelium,C.vulgaris was suspended in wastewater,which improved the removal efficiency of pollutants and realized the efficient harvesting of microalgae.The maximum harvesting efficiency of microalgal biomass was 76.91%,and the contents of biomass and total chlorophyll after harvest reached 1.26 g/L and 15.99 mg/g,respectively.(3)The contents of biomass protein,polysaccharide and lipid were 111,438 and 249 mg/g,respectively.The main fatty acid components were C16:0(palmitic acid),C18:1(oleic acid)and C18:2(linoleic acid),which were beneficial to biodiesel production.The results indicated that the co-cultivation of C.vulgaris and A.oryzae could effectively remove pollutants in livestock wastewater and realize the resource utilization of biomass,which has a potential application in livestock wastewater treatment.