基于陆海统筹的河口区生态环境管理对策研究

Countermeasures of Integrated Land-Sea Environmental Management for Estuarine Region

坚持陆海统筹,是新时代我国加快海洋强国建设的基本原则和重要内容.在生态环境领域,河口区地处陆海交汇区域,是破解陆海统筹环境管理难题的关键区域.目前,河口区环境监督管理存在管理边界不明确、生态环境监测覆盖面不足、缺乏生态环境评价标准等问题.新形势下,亟需进一步优化完善河口区陆海统筹生态环境管理体系,破除陆海空间界限和行政管理壁垒,优化陆海衔接、海陆协同的污染防治体系,建立陆海一体、区域联动的生态环境管理体系.因此,本文提出河口区陆海统筹生态环境质量监管对策,包括划分河口水体管理单元、建立河口区生态环境评价体系、构建河口水环境基准体系、开展流域-河口-近岸海域污染协同治理、建立信息共享和智慧监管平台等,强化河口区生态系统完整性评估,为推进河口区域联动机制的建立及陆海统筹环境管理提供借鉴.

Land-sea integrated management is an important principle for the economic development,resource utilization,spatial layout,environmental protection and ecological security of the land and sea system,which requires the establishment of an integrated ecological protection system to maintain the health of the ecosystem and sustainable economic development.Estuary plays an important role in landsea integration.The characteristics of estuary,such as hydrodynamic force,aquatic ecology and geographical position,determine the importance of its ecological environment to human activities.The existing problems were considered in estuarine,including ambiguous of estuarine administrative boundary,insufficient monitoring,and unapplicable water quality criteria.Under the background of accelerating national land and space coordination,in order to achieve the land-sea ecological protection,it is necessary to break region boundaries and policy management barriers,and form an integrated management for healthy ecosystem structure and function.Therefore,policy recommendations for estuarine management under the land-sea integration are put forward,such as demarcating the estuary boundaries,putting forward estuarine ecological environment assessment system,implementing watershed-estuary-offshore collaborative pollution control,and establishing intelligent supervision platform,which will strengthen the estuarine ecological protection.