重构与对照中的审美转变——歌剧《奥赛罗》脚本对莎士比亚原剧的音乐性重译

Aesthetic Transformation in Reconstruction and Contrast:Musical Retranslation of Shakespeare’s Original Play in the Script of Opera“Othello”

音乐如何推动戏剧发展是歌剧创作的核心问题,也决定了歌剧的审美品格。威尔第以博伊托撰写的《奥赛罗》脚本创作了意大利歌剧《奥赛罗》,实现了歌剧同戏剧的对话。通过与莎士比亚原剧的对照,可看出博伊托改编《奥赛罗》的脚本在忠实于莎翁原作的基础上,又为威尔第的音乐塑造提供了空间:戏剧结构的重组为歌剧音乐的进行提供了整体节奏;语言转译在最大程度上保留莎士比亚戏剧诗性的同时,又为戏词赋予了音乐性;人物歌唱化改编突出了戏剧矛盾和音乐张力。博伊托所改编的《奥赛罗》发挥了音乐的叙事功能,是莎剧在音乐领域的延伸。

How music promotes the development of drama is the core issue of opera creation,which also determines the aesthetic character of an opera.Verdi writes a script for the Italian operaOthellobased on Boito’s script with the same title,realizing the dialogue between opera and drama.Compared with Shakespeare’s original play,it can be seen that Boito’s script,an adaptation ofOthello,is faithful to Shakespeare’s original work,but leaving space for Verdi to create music.Firstly,the reorganization of theatrical structure provides the overall rhythm for the opera’s music.Secondly,after the language translation,the poetic nature of Shakespeare’s play is retained to the greatest degree while the musicality is given to the operatic words.Thirdly,the adaptation of the singing of the characters highlights the dramatic contradiction and music tension.Othelloadapted by Boito which gives full play to the narrative function of operatic music is an extension of Shakespeare’s play in music.