新课标背景下小学生技术与工程实践能力评价框架的建构及其应用研究

Evaluation of Pupils' Technology and Engineering Practice Abilityunder the Background of the New Curriculum:Framework Construction and Its Application Study

技术与工程实践能力是科学课程要求培养的学生核心素养的重要组成部分。结合国内外研究成果,从技术与工程实践的过程出发,建构小学生技术与工程实践能力的评价框架,包括界定问题、设计方案、动手操作、分工协作、测试改进、交流评价6个评价要素,具体表现性评价按学段分两级。以某小学2年级学生作为研究对象,采用自编的表现性评价任务,通过现场操作并录像的方式收集信息,对小学生的技术与工程实践能力进行评价。结果发现,低学段小学生的技术与工程实践能力发展较好,但各维度发展不均衡,具体表现为:界定问题和测试改进的能力发展良好,具有一定的动手操作能力和参与意识;设计方案能力不足,材料选择和制作过程易与方案设计脱节;表达交流的语言有待丰富和科学化。研究为小学技术与工程实践能力的教学和评价提供一定参考。

Technology and engineering practice ability is an important part of the key competence in science curriculum.Based on the results of domestic and international research,this study constructs an evaluation framework for pupils'technology and engineering practice ability,including six elements:defining problems,designing,operation,teamwork,testing and improvement,communication and evaluation.Different performance standards were made for two stages in primary school.This study selected pupils at the lower stage as the participants,adopted self-made performance evaluation tasks,collected information through onsite operation and video recording,to evaluate the students'technology and engineering practice ability.The results showed that the technology and engineering practice ability of primary school students at the lower stage were well developed,but the development of different elements was uneven,which was shown as follows:these students developed a high level of ability to define problems and test improvement,with a certain degree of operation and participation awareness;however,their ability to design solutions was insufficient,and their material selection and production process were often disconnected from their design;their language for expression and communication needed to be enriched and trained to be more scientific.The research provides some insights for the teaching and evaluation of technology and engineering practice ability in primary schools.