一种新型月壤水冰采样系统设计及试验验证

Design and Experimental Verification of a Novel Sampling System for Water Ice in the Lunar Soil

针对月球极区永久阴影坑深低温环境下,月壤水冰的硬度和机械强度很高,铲挖、钻进等常规采样方式难以实现低耗、快速采样的问题,提出了利用火工爆燃作动的动能侵彻方式快速构建月壤剖面孔洞,利用机械臂将采样工具送至孔内实施样品精确采集的新采样方法,并据此设计了新型月壤水冰采样系统。设计并研制了侵彻单元工程样机,基于力学等效性原则制备了拟实靶体,对工程样机的侵彻效能开展了试验验证。试验结果表明,对于单轴抗压强度30 MPa的模拟月壤水冰力学等效物能实现快速侵彻,侵彻深度可达234 mm,侵彻时间优于1 s。提出的侵彻式造孔和采样方法具有轻量化、低能耗、高效率、高强度月壤对象突破能力强等突出优势,可为后续月壤水冰采样探测任务提供有益借鉴。

Due to the high hardness and mechanical strength of lunar soil water ice in the extremely low temperature environment of the lunar permanent shadow regions,it is difficult to realize low consumption and fast sampling by conventional sampling methods such as shoveling,digging and drilling.Thus,a new sampling method is proposed to rapidly construct lunar soil profile holes using the kinetic energy penetration method of explosive actuation and to accurately collect samples by sending sampling tools into the holes using manipulators.Based on the method,a novel sampling system for water ice in the lunar soil is designed.The engineering prototype of penetration unit is developed and the test target is prepared based on the principle of the equivalent mechanical characteristic,and the penetration efficiency is tested and verified.The experimental results show that the mechanical equivalent material of simulated lunar soil water ice with uniaxial compressive strength of 30 MPa can be rapidly penetrated,and the penetration depth can reach 234 mm and the penetration time is better than 1 s.The proposed penetration hole making and sampling method has outstanding advantages of light weight,low energy consumption,high efficiency,and strong breakthrough ability for high-intensity lunar soil,which can provide useful reference for the follow-up lunar soil water ice sampling and exploration missions.