右美托咪定的药理特点及其在老年患者神经阻滞麻醉中的应用现状

The Pharmacological Characteristics of Dexmedetomidine and its Application in Nerve Block Anesthesia in Elderly Patients

右美托咪定是一种新型镇静、镇痛药物,属于高选择性α_(2)肾上腺素受体激动剂,不仅具有剂量依赖性的镇静催眠作用,而且还具有良好的抗焦虑、抑制交感神经活动及镇痛作用,因其独特的药理特点在临床中得到广泛应用。老年患者随着年龄的增长,机体代谢功能下降,会影响药物代谢,从而增加麻醉过程中心动过缓、高血压等不良事件发生风险。而右美托咪定的独特药理特点使其在高龄患者神经阻滞麻醉中可以维持患者血流动力学的稳定性,相对而言更适用于老年患者。本文主要从右美托咪定的药理特点入手,综述右美托咪定在老年患者神经阻滞麻醉中的应用进展,以期为老年患者神经阻滞麻醉提供一定的参考。

Dexmedetomidine is a new sedative and analgesic drug,which belongs to the highly selective α_(2) adrenergic receptor agonist.It not only has a dose-dependent sedative and hypnotic effect,but also has good anti-anxiety,inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity and analgesic effect.Because of its unique pharmacological characteristics,it has been widely used in clinical practice.With the increase of age,the metabolic function of the elderly patients decreases,which will affect drug metabolism,thus increasing the risk of adverse events such as bradycardia and hypertension during anesthesia.The unique pharmacological characteristics of dexmedetomidine make it possible to maintain the stability of hemodynamics in elderly patients during nerve block anesthesia,which is relatively more suitable for elderly patients.This article mainly starts with the pharmacological characteristics of dexmedetomidine,and reviews the application progress of dexmedetomidine in nerve block anesthesia in elderly patients,in order to provide some reference for nerve block anesthesia in elderly patients.