高原干旱区马铃薯生产布局特征及可持续发展策略

Production Distribution Characteristics and Strategies for Sustainable Development of Potato Industry in the Arid Region on the Plateau

位于高原干旱区的天祝县境内海拔高、气候冷凉,具有马铃薯生长发育的最佳生态环境。为全面提升天祝县马铃薯产业可持续发展及市场竞争力,以天祝县县域不同生态区域马铃薯生产为评价单元,通过实地考察调研对天祝县马铃薯生产格局及其在金强川片、哈溪片、莫科片、朵什片、松山片五大自然区域的分布特征进行分析,认为天祝县马铃薯具有明显的分散性特点。整体来看,随着马铃薯生产区域布局不断演化,在空间上马铃薯生产向朵什片、哈溪片、金强川片和莫科片等四大优势区域集中,在海拔2300~2600 m、年降水量350~450 mm区域形成了以东坪、西大滩、华藏寺、哈溪等为主的优势区域,且聚集效应愈来愈明显。建议在充分依托天祝县资源禀赋的基础上,构建马铃薯种薯繁育体系、优质马铃薯优势产业带、产销服务体系、农业技术培训体系,以发挥天祝县资源优势,实现天祝县马铃薯产业的健康可持续发展。

Tianzhu county locates in the arid region on the Tibetan Plateau,it possesses the characters of high elevation,cold and cool climate condition and is considered as the best ecological environment for potato production.To comprehensively improve the sustainable development and market competitiveness of Tianzhu potato industry,potato production in different ecological zones within Tianzhu is chosen as the evaluation unit,field surveys are conducted to analyze the potato production pattern and distribution among the five ecological zones,namely Jinqiangchuan,Haxi,Moke,Duoshi and Songshan.Disperse characteristics are detected in Tianzhu potato production.With the constant evolving of the production distribution,potato production in Tianzhu is concentrated into four zones,namely Duoshi,Haxi,Jinqiangchuan and Moke.Dominant production zones,such as Dongping,Xidatan,Huazangsi,Haxi etc,has formed in the area with elevation between 2300 to 2600 m asl and annual precipitation between 350 to 450 mm and the aggregation effect is becoming increasingly evident.On the basis of fully relying on the resource endowment of Tianzhu County,suggestions for the sustainable development of potato industry in Tianzhu are put forward such as constructions of breeding system,high-quality industrial belt,production and sales service system and agricultural technology training system for regional potato production to fully exert the resource advantages of Tianzhu County.