高空核爆炸环境数值模拟

Numerical Simulations of Environmental Parameters of High-Altitude Nuclear Explosion

高空核爆炸产生的辐射环境会对空间飞行器、通信和电力系统等产生严重影响。本文分析了高空核爆炸瞬时和长期环境的产生机理及对目标的效应,介绍了作者团队近年来在高空核爆炸环境数值模拟方面的系列研究工作。解决了X射线剥离原子核外电子形成裸核区过程、基于蒙特卡罗方法计算电流源项的早中期核电磁脉冲一体化模拟、非对称火球演化过程、碎片云扩展上升运动和产生缓发辐射电离大气过程,及人工辐射带电子注入和扩散损失过程等数值建模关键技术,建立了高空核爆炸核辐射、X射线、核电磁脉冲和光辐射等瞬时环境及碎片云、附加电离层和人工辐射带等长期环境的数值模拟方法,研究给出了典型爆高与当量下的高空核爆炸环境参数,总结了高空核爆炸环境特征与规律。

The radiation environment generated by high-altitude nuclear explosion can cause damage to the critical infrastructures such as space vehicles,communication systems,and electricity systems.The mechanisms of the instantaneous and long-term environments caused by the high-altitude nuclear explosion and their damage factors to the targets are analyzed.Research works on the numerical simulation of the high-altitude nuclear explosion environment by the author's team in recent years are introduced.Many key technologies on the numerical simulations are developed,such as the model of stripping region formation by X-ray peeling extra-nuclear electrons,the integration simulation of the early-time,and the intermediate-time HEMP based on the current source provided by the Monte Carlo method,the model of asymmetric fireball evolution,the model of debris movement and the atmospheric ionization by delayed radiation,the model of electron injection and diffusion loss in the artificial radiation belt.The numerical simulation methods for high-altitude nuclear explosion are presented,including the instantaneous environments(such as nuclear radiation,X-ray,HEMP,and optical radiation)and the long-term environments(such as debris,additional ionosphere,and artificial radiation belt).The environmental parameters of the high-altitude nuclear explosion under typical explosion height and yield are given.The characteristics and laws of the high-altitude nuclear explosion environment are summarized.