从燃料供应角度研究快堆发展节奏的影响因素

Factors Influencing the Development of Fast Reactor From the Perspective of Fuel Supply

针对快堆及核燃料闭式循环中铀资源利用率的问题,基于燃料供应,构建了简化的快堆闭式循环模型,设定不同的场景,在假设快堆和闭式循环各环节技术成熟的前提下,通过理论计算后处理能力、快堆燃料循环次数、增殖比和燃料循环周期长度4种因素对快堆建设规模和速度的影响。结果表明,燃料循环次数和循环周期长度影响最大,提高循环次数、缩短循环时间,能在短时间内提高铀资源利用率,进而保障快堆的建设节奏;其次是后处理能力,后处理产生的工业钚是快堆初装料的主要来源;快堆本身增殖比对铀资源利用率的影响较小。简化的快堆闭式循环模型计算得到,当建设2座后处理大厂、循环周期长度为1 a、增殖比为1.2及循环无限次数时,到2060年快堆装机容量将达到152 GW,若仅循环1次,快堆建设规模最大仅为热堆的10%~12.5%。

From the perspective of fuel supply,on the premise that the technology of each link of fast reactor and closed cycle is mature,a simplified closed cycle model of fast reactor is built,and the influence of four factors on the construction scale and speed of fast reactor,such as the spent-fuel reprocessing capacity,the number of fast reactor fuel cycles,the breeding ratio,and the length of fuel cycle,are studied according to different scenarios.The results show that the number of fuel cycles and the cycle length have the greatest impact on the construction scale and speed of fast reactor.Then,the second factor is the spent-fuel reprocessing capacity,and the breeding ratio of the fast reactor itself has a small impact.Increasing the number of cycles and shortening the cycle time can improve the utilization rate of uranium resources in a short time,thus ensuring the construction progress of the fast reactor.According to the calculation by this model,when two large reprocessing plants are built,the fuel cycle length is 1 a,the breeding ratio is 1.2,and the number of cycles is infinite,the installed capacity of the fast reactor will reach 152 GW by 2060.If only one cycle is applied,the largest construction scale of fast reactor is only 10%to 12.5%of the scale of the thermal reactor.