基于全要素生产理论对数字经济新动能的测度

Measurement of the New Kinetic Energy of the Digital Economy Based on the Theory of Total Factor Production

全要素生产率与产业高质量发展密切相关,数字经济作为一种新型生产要素,已与劳动、资本、技术进步等投入要素并列。为了对我国数字新动能进行统计测度研究,本文采用DEA—Malquist指数法测算全要素生产率,并对其进行分解,测算数字新动能对其的贡献程度;采用索洛残差与DEA—Malquist指数相结合的方法对照分析全要素生产率及其变化趋势,构建包括劳动、资本和数字经济指标的三要素C-D生产函数模型测算我国2012—2019年的全要素生产率,再与两要素的C-D生产函数模差值得出残差便可以解释为数字经济给我国产出带来的影响。结果显示,运用索洛残差法得到2012—2019年我国全要素生产率变化趋势与运用DEAMalmquist指数法得到的结果大致相似,即数字经济全要素生产率趋势自2011年逐年增加,且增速较快。当前,数字经济已融入人们的生产生活中,且不断提升,但全要素生产率在各个地区间存在一定的差异。

Total factor productivity is closely related to the high-quality development of industries,and the digital economy,as a new production factor,has been ranked alongside input factors such as labor,capital and technological progress.In order to study the statistical measurement of digital new kinetic energy in China,this paper measures the total factor productivity by DEA-Malquist index method,and decomposes the total factor productivity to measure the contribution degree of digital new kinetic energy to total factor productivity.The Solow residual and DEA-Malquist index were combined to analyze the total factor productivity and its changing trend.The three-factor C-D production function model including labor,capital and digital economy indicators is constructed to calculate China’s total factor productivity from 2012 to 2019.The residual difference between the C-D production function and the two factors can be interpreted as the impact of digital economy on China’s output.The results showed that the change trend of China’s total factor productivity from 2012 to 2019 obtained by Solow residual method was roughly similar to that obtained by DEA-Malmquist index method.The trend of total factor productivity of the digital economy has been increasing year by year since 2011,and the growth rate is fast.Now the digital economy has been integrated and increased into people’s production and life,but there are certain differences in total factor productivity among different regions.