国际贸易中提单权利转让问题刍议

On the Transfer for Bill of Lading Rights in International Trade Work

提单权利转让不仅涉及国际货物贸易,还与国际航运、国际结算、银行抵押贷款及银行权利质押密切相关。提单作为被拟制化的货物,既可以代表运输途中的货物,又可以代替货物本身进行交易、转让或抵押,提单转让使国际贸易从单一的实物交易发展成为当今的单证交易,极大促进了国际贸易的高效、便捷、安全。提单权利转让迅速实现了货物权利转移的目的,加速了货款的周转,为利益最大化创造了条件,但因各国国情和法律体系不同,各国法律有关提单权利转让的规定存在差异,这就需要在提单权利转让之前明白究竟要转让或获取的具体权利是货物所有权的归属、抵押质权、货物占有权、控制权还是其他债权或物权。针对提单权利的每次转让,务必清楚双方权利获取的条件、适用的范围、丧失的缘由,做到知彼知己,方能百战不殆。

The transfer of bill of lading is not only involved in international trade,but also closely related to international shipping,settlement,bank mortgage loan and pledge of rights.Bill of lading as the goods to be drafted,it can replace the goods in transit,be traded,transferred or mortgaged instead of the goods themselves.The negotiation of bill of lading makes the international trade develop from a single physical transaction to a document trade,by which quickly realizing the purpose of the ownership of goods,accelerating the turnover and creating conditions maximizing benefits.It has greatly promoted the efficiency,convenience and security of international trade.As each country has its own conditions and legal system,the legal provisions on the transfer of bill of lading vary from country to country,which means we should understand what the specific rights are to be transferred or acquired before the transfer of bill of lading.For each bill of lading transfer,be sure to clarify the conditions for both parties to obtain rights or reasons for losing rights,and the scope of rights.The information makes winners.