朱子学传播的民间化路向——以宋元理学通俗化文献为例

The Popularization of Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism—A Study on Popular Neo-Confucian Texts in the Song and Yuan Dynasties

理学通俗化文献在朱熹等理学家的积极推动下,经历了从形成、发展到成熟的历史演变过程,在宋元时期形成了一定的社会影响。以三种重点文献为论述中心:一是从奠定理学通俗化理念的《小学》入手,它主要弥补了朱子四书学的理论漏洞从而完善整个理学体系;二是从儒家经典与诗歌互动的《训蒙绝句》展开,它赋予儒家典籍丰富的情感与审美要素以拓展儒家经典阅读的普及面;三是以仿蒙求体的《性理字训》为中心,它使抽象艰涩的性理概念通俗易懂并发挥出理学工具书的功用。在此基础上,考察诸类文献与理学理论发展的关系、相关衍生文献的类型、民间实际流传情况以及在东亚国家(朝鲜与日本)的历史影响,从而爬梳出一条长期为人忽略的朱子学民间传播的历史发展脉络。

With the active promotion of Zhu Xi and other Neo-Confucianists,popular Neo Confucian texts presented the historical evolution from formation, development to maturity, and formed a certain social influence in the Songand Yuan dynasties. This article focuses on three key texts: first, the "Xiaoxue" (Elementary Learning), whichmainly fills the theoretical gaps in Zhu Zi's studies on the Four Books and thus perfects the entire Neo-Confuciansystem;the "Xunmeng Jueju" (Poems for Teaching Children), which infuses Confucian classics with rich emotionaland aesthetic elements to broaden their appeal;and the "Xingli Zixun" (Instructions on the Mind and Nature),which simplifies abstract and obscure concepts and serves as a practical handbook for learning Neo-Confucianism.The article also examines the relationship between popular texts and the development of Neo-Confucian theory,the types of derivative texts, their dissemination in society, and their historical impact in East Asian countriessuch as Korea and Japan. Overall, this study aims to shed light on the long-neglected history of the popularizationof Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism.