驻京地区792例老年人跌倒的发生率和危险因素调查

Investigation on the incidence and risk factors of falls in 792 elderly people in Beijing

目的规范评估军队离退休人群的跌倒风险,统计该人群跌倒的发生率。探索老年人跌倒的危险因素。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,选取2011年12月~2014年12月北京市9个地区9个干休所60岁以上共792例离退休老干部;调查人口学信息、生活方式、业余活动及各系统慢性病史,通过对年龄、性别、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒、写作、阅读书报、锻炼、疾病史分别进行单因素和多因素分析,计算老年人跌倒的发生率,筛查出诱发跌倒的危险因素。结果 792例老年人中男性745例,占比94.1%,跌倒337例,跌倒的发生率是45.2%;其中年龄段60~69岁9人,70~79岁506人,80~89岁269人,90岁以上8人,老年人跌倒的发生率分别是22.2%,42.5%,52.0%,62.5%。单因素分析结果显示:各年龄段性别、写作、阅读书报、锻炼以及疾病史中心绞痛、心律紊乱、脑梗死、脑缺血发作、老年痴呆症、帕金森痴呆症、高脂血症、慢性阻塞性肺病、肿瘤、骨折,具有统计学意义(P <0.05);多因素分析结果显示:写作或久坐不动、心律紊乱病史、帕金森痴呆病史、脑缺血发作史、骨折史分别是老年人跌倒的独立危险因素,OR(95%CI)值1.008~15.182(P <0.05)。结论 随着年龄增长,老年人跌倒的发生率逐渐增加;跌倒的发生因多种危险因素共同作用所导致,心脑血管疾病、骨折史是老年跌倒的重要疾病危险因素。加强慢性疾病管理,尤其是对心脑血管疾病、骨质疏松症的防治,对防止老年跌倒有着重要的意义。健康的生活方式,避免久坐和适当的锻炼是降低老年人跌倒发生率的有效措施。

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of falls in 792 elderly people in Beijing.Methods a retrospective study was conducted.From December 2011 to December 2014,a total of 792 elderly people were investigated in 9 cadre rest homes in 9 regions of Beijing;The demographic information,lifestyle,amateur activities and chronic medical history of various systems were investigated.Through univariate and multivariate analysis of age,gender,marital status,smoking,drinking,writing,reading books and newspapers,exercise and disease history,the incidence of falls and related risk factors inducing falls in the elderly were screened.Results a total of 792 elderly people were investigated,including 745 males,accounting for 94.1%,and the incidence of falls was 45.2%;Among them,there are 9 people aged 60~69,506 people aged 70~79,269 people aged 80~89 and 8 people aged over 90.The incidence of falls in the elderly are 22.2%,42.5%,52.0%and 62.5%respectively.Univariate analysis showed that gender,writing,reading books and newspapers,exercise and disease history,central angina pectoris,arrhythmia,cerebral infarction,cerebral ischemic attack,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's dementia,hyperlipidemia,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,tumor and fracture(P<0.05);The results of multivariate analysis showed that writing or sedentary,history of arrhythmia,history of Parkinson's dementia,history of cerebral ischemic attack and history of fracture were independent risk factors for falls in the elderly respectively,and the OR(95%CI)value ranged from 1.008 to 15.182(P<0.05);Exercise has protective significance on falls in the elderly,and the OR(95%CI)value is between 0.34~0.932(P<0.05).Conclusion the incidence of falls in the elderly increases with age;Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and fracture history are important disease risk factors for falls in the elderly.Strengthening the management of chronic diseases,especially the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and osteoporosis,is of great significance to falls in the elderly.Healthy lifestyle,avoiding sedentary and proper exercise are effective measures to reduce the incidence of falls in the elderly.