索引词理论:一个哲学逻辑视角

The Theory of Indexicals: From a Perspective of Philosophical Logic

当代索引词理论以特征/内容、使用语境/赋值情形两对区分为方法论基础,建立以直接指称理论为核心的索引词语义,使得索引词等直接指称词项的语义内容摆脱认识论纠缠,令认知含义和真值条件各安其所。虽然单称命题遭遇较严重的本体论挑战,但完全可以从曲全论、必然论以及指称和存在的语言哲学区分等不同方向从容应对。在此基础上,可为索引性语句构造扩张版可能世界语义。

Contemporary theory of indexicals takes the distinctions of character/content and context of use/circumstance of evaluation as the methodological basis,and establishes the semantics of indexicals with the theory of direct reference as the core.Thus the semantic content of indexicals and other direct referential terms can escape epistemological entanglement,and then epistemic meaning and truth condition each have their own place.Although singular proposition has encountered serious ontological challenges,they can be dealt with calmly from different directions,such as mereology,necessitism and the distinction between reference and existence in philosophy of language.On this basis,an extended version of possible world semantics can be constructed for indexical sentences.