平等主义视野中全球气候治理与人类命运共同体建构

Global Climate Governance and the Constructionof the Community of Human Destiny:From the Perspective of Egalitarianism

全球气候变化可能带来的灾难性后果使整个人类社会面临一种无法回避的共同命运,也为国际社会走向全面合作奠定了道德基础。全球气候治理中所呈现的价值分歧和治理困境集中展示了人类达成价值共识的艰难性。国际社会并不缺少阻止气候问题进一步恶化的技术和经济手段,真正缺乏的是基于价值共识的国际合作意愿。审视和分析当前应对气候变化国际合作背后所蕴含的道德和政治分歧,构建基于平等主义的人类命运共同体,引领全球形成价值共识,从而推动应对气候变化的集体行动,是当前全球气候治理的关键所在。平等主义的价值理念要求,在应对气候变化的责任义务分配中,不仅要满足发展中国家基本生存的排放权利要求,而且也应当赋予发展中国家更加平等的发展权。这就意味着,发达国家必须大幅减少自己的二氧化碳排放,以便腾出空间允许发展中国家在实现了自己消除贫困的任务后,继续有一个更高水平的发展。文章最后反驳了反对平等主义价值理念的理据,并对平等主义作为人类命运共同体的价值理念进行了正当性辩护。

The possible catastrophic consequences of global climate change make the whole human society face an unavoidable common fate,which also lays a moral foundation for comprehensive cooperation.The value differences and governance dilemmas in global climate governance show the difficulty of reaching a value consensus.The international community does not lack the technical and economic means to prevent the further deterioration of the climate problem.What is really lacking is the willingness of international cooperation based on the consensus of values.The key to global climate governance is to examine and analyze the moral and political differences behind the current international cooperation on climate change,build a community of human destiny based on egalitarianism,lead the world to form a consensus of values,and promote international cooperation on climate change.The egalitarian concept of a community with a shared future for mankind requires that,in the allocation of responsibilities and obligations to deal with climate change,not only the rights and requirements of developing countries for basic subsistence emissions should be met,but also the developing countries should be given more equal rights to development.This means that developed countries must significantly reduce their carbon dioxide emissions in order to make room for developing countries to continue to have a higher level of development after achieving their task of poverty eradication.In the end,the article refutes the rationale for opposing the egalitarian concept of a community of human destiny,and justifies the egalitarian concept of a community of human destiny.