国土空间规划背景下北京市轨道交通实施评价

Evaluation of Beijing rail transit implementation in the context of land spatial planning

国土空间规划基于底线约束的原则,强调全域全要素应在空间和时间2个维度做出合理安排。针对城市轨道交通实施评价往往侧重于评价指标体系的构建或针对服务水平等运营阶段的单一维度评价,文章通过构建综合评价模型,一方面利用重点功能区车站覆盖率、车站周边建议类用地及建筑类型占比、车站与周边用地融合度等指标评价城市轨道交通与国土空间布局的耦合度,发现北京市轨道交通运营线网与城市空间格局分布基本匹配,但局部仍需加强城市轨道交通对城市功能的集聚效益;另一方面,基于DEA方法,选取2009年至2020年北京市轨道交通车站数量、运营效率里程及运营车辆3个指标作为投入指标,选取日均客流量作为产出指标,在12年的时间维度范围对北京市轨道交通利用效率进行评价,发现仅2013年的综合效率达到相对最佳状态,自2014年起规模效益呈现逐年递减的趋势。建议聚焦城市轨道交通运营网络存量资源的优化提升,合理规划新建线路以提升线网规模效益。

Based on the principle of bottom line constraint,the spatial land planning emphasizes the reasonable arrangement of all regional elements in the two dimensions of space and time.However,at present,the evaluation of urban rail transit implementation just focuses on the construction of an evaluation index system,or the single dimension evaluation of operation stages.By building a comprehensive evaluation model,on the one hand,the paper evaluates the coordination between urban rail transit and land spatial layout by using indicators such as coverage of stations in functional areas,the proportion of proposed land and building types around the stations,and integration of stations and surrounding land,and fi nds that the urban rail transit operation network matches the urban spatial pattern in Beijing.However,it is necessary to strengthen the agglomeration benefits of urban rail transit in functional areas.On the other hand,by using the DEA effi ciency model,the paper selects three indicators,urban rail transit stations,operating efficiency mileage and operating vehicles from 2009 to 2020 as input indicators,and average daily passenger flow as the output indicator.The utilization effi ciency of the urban rail transit is evaluated in the 12-year time dimension.It is found that 2013 was only effective in comprehensive effi ciency,and Beijing has shown a decreasing trend by the year since 2014.It has been suggested to focus on the optimization and improvement of stock resources and plan new rail transit lines to improve the effi ciency of the network reasonably.