激光纹理化调控材料表面疏水性能研究进展

Research Progress on Hydrophobicity of Material Surfaces Regulated by Laser Texturing

超疏水表面由于具有减阻、抗污、防水等独特性能,广泛应用于日常生活、军事、工业等场景,材料表面的微纳结构及化学成分对其超疏水性能有着重要影响。激光纹理化技术由于具有加工分辨率高、加工方式灵活、可加工材料多等优势,可用于制备疏水性能精确可控的表面微纳结构,在制造超疏水表面方面有着广阔的应用前景。首先,介绍了激光纹理化的作用机理,综述了常用的激光纹理化方式,如激光直接写入法、激光干涉图案化法及激光诱导周期性结构法等,并介绍了激光参数对微纳结构的影响。根据表面微纳结构的形貌、周期及尺寸特点对激光纹理化制备的表面分层微纳结构进行了总结归纳,包括覆盖随机纳米结构或激光诱导周期性结构的微沟槽、微网格、微柱及微峰,重点介绍了分层微纳结构的制备方式及微纳结构对疏水性的影响。总结了提高分层微纳结构表面疏水性的后处理方式,包括环境老化、表面化学改性及热处理等,并介绍了后处理方式调控疏水性的作用机理。最后,对采用激光纹理化技术制备超疏水表面的应用前景进行了展望。

Superhydrophobic surfaces have a wide range of applications in daily life,military,and industry due to their unique properties including resistance reduction,pollution prevention,waterproofing,etc.The micro-nano structures and chemical compositions of surfaces are important factors that affect their hydrophobicity.Since laser texturing technology has advantages of high processing resolution,flexible processing method,and a wide range of processable materials,it can be used to obtain micro-nano structure surfaces with precisely controllable hydrophobic properties.Thus,it has a wide prospect of application in the production of superhydrophobic surfaces.Firstly,the mechanism of laser texturing was introduced,and the commonly used laser texturing methods were reviewed,such as direct laser writing,laser interference patterning,and laser-induced periodic structures.Then,the effect of laser parameters on micro-nano structures was expounded.Based on the morphology,periodicity,and size characteristics of the micro-nano structures,the hierarchical micro-nano structures prepared on the surface by laser texturing were summarized and classified,including micro trench,micro matrix,micro pillars and micro spikes covered with random nanoscale structures or laser-induced periodic structures.The preparation methods of hierarchical micro-nano structures and their effect on hydrophobicity were set forth emphatically.Post-processing methods for improving the hydrophobicity of hierarchical micro-nano structures were summarized,including environmental aging,surface chemical modification,and heat treatment,and the mechanism of hydrophobicity regulation by post-processing was introduced.Finally,the application prospects of using laser texturing technology to prepare superhydrophobic surfaces were discussed.