2016-2020年邯郸市中心医院0~14岁体检儿童血铅水平分析

Analysis of blood lead level in 0-14 years old physical examination children in Handan Central Hospital,2016-2020

目的了解邯郸市儿童血铅暴露状况及影响因素,为儿童铅暴露提供指导性建议。方法采用钨舟原子吸收法对2016-2020年邯郸市中心医院儿科常规体检儿童血样进行检测,比较不同性别和年龄组血铅水平的差异。结果20715例0~14岁儿童血铅水平中位数(P_(25)~P_(75))为27.8(12.7~46.9)μg/L,高铅血症、铅中毒检出率分别为0.95%、0.28%,无重度铅中毒。男童血铅水平中位数(P_(25)~P_(75))为28.5(12.7~47.9)μg/L,高铅血症、铅中毒检出率分别为1.16%、0.35%,女童血铅水平中位数(P_(25)-P_(75))为26.1(12.0~44.7)μg/L,高铅血症、铅中毒检出率分别为0.59%和0.15%,男童血铅水平中位数、高铅血症、铅中毒检出率均显著高于女童(P均<0.05)。婴幼儿、学龄前、学龄、青少年血铅水平中位数(P_(25)~P_(75))分别为26.1(11.7~44.9)μg/L、27.7(12.7~46.9)μg/L、29.0(12.7~47.8)μg/L、29.8(14.0~47.7)μg/L,婴幼儿组显著低于其他组,差异有统计学意义(z=-8.739,P<0.001);高铅血症检出率分别为0.82%、1.03%、1.03%和1.0%,铅中毒检出率分别为0.34%、0.31%、0.23%和0.17%,四组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论邯郸市儿童血铅暴露状况低于中国儿童铅暴露平均状况,但仍高于铅暴露的安全水平。

Objective To understand the children blood lead exposure and influencing factors in Handan city,so as to provide guidance on the control of the lead exposure for children.Methods The blood lead of the children who underwent physical examinations in the hospital from 2016 to 2020 were detected by the Tungsten boat atomic absorption method,and the differences of blood lead level across different genders and ages groups were compared.Results The M(P_(25)-P_(75))value of blood lead level in 20715 children aged 0~14 years was 27.8(12.7-46.9)μg/L.The positive rates of the hyperlead and the lead poisoning were 0.95%and 0.28%,respectively,and no severe lead poisoning was found.In the boys,the M(P_(25)-P_(75))value of blood lead level was 28.5(12.7-47.9)μg/L,and the positive rates of the hyperlead and the lead poisoning were 1.16%and 0.35%,respectively;in the girls,the M(P_(25)-P_(75))value of blood lead level was 26.1(12.0-44.7)μg/L,and the positive rates of the hyperlead and the lead poisoning were 0.59%and 0.15%,respectively.The median blood lead level,the positive rates of the hyperlead and the lead poisoning of the boys were significantly higher than those of the girls(all P values<0.05).The M(P_(25)-P_(75))value of blood lead level of the infant group,the preschool group,the school age group and the adolescent group were 26.1(11.7-44.9)μg/L,27.7(12.7-46.9)μg/L,29.0(12.7-47.8)μg/L and 29.8(14.0-47.7)μg/L,respectively.The lead level of the infant group was significantly lower than other groups and there was no significant difference(z=-8.739,P<0.001).The positive rates of the hyperlead in the above four age groups were 0.82%,1.03%,1.03%and 1.0%,respectively;and the positive rates of the lead poisoning were 0.34%,0.31%,0.23%and 0.17%,respectively.There was no significant difference in those positive rates between the four age groups(P>0.05).Conclusions The blood lead exposure of the children in Handan city was lower than the average in China,but it was still above safe levels for lead exposure.