政策支持、研究性投资与企业创新——基于中国大企业突破性创新的困境

Policy support,research investment and firm’s innovation:Based on the dilemma of Chinese large enterprise’s breakthrough innovation

大企业是中国自主创新、突破发达国家“卡脖子”技术的主导力量,在参与国际竞争中延伸中国产业链与加大内循环、带动国内供应链上下游中小企业发展中发挥着重要作用。利用极值理论的POT模型测度了企业的突破性创新与渐进性创新指标,描述性统计发现:中国突破性创新主要由规模前25%的大企业引领,但大企业研究性投资强度较规模后75%的企业低;通过固定效应模型对政策支持、研究性投资与企业创新的关系实证检验发现:只有研究性(基础研究、应用研究)投资强度对规模前25%的大企业突破性创新影响效果显著为正,对后75%企业影响不显著,说明不同规模企业的创新使命存在差异;政府R&D补贴和税收优惠政策直接作用于企业突破性创新的效果并不显著,揭示了企业突破性创新的内生性;政府R&D补贴会促进前25%的大企业增加研究性投资规模,进而正向激励渐进性创新;对规模后75%的企业,政府R&D补贴和税收优惠政策都有利于企业增大研究性投资,但受研究能力的制约,只能显著促进渐进性创新。政策支持下大企业的研究开发活动并没有开始从实验开发阶段向基础研究与应用研究阶段的转型,这是制约大企业突破性创新的根本原因。

Large-scale enterprises are the dominant force to achieve China􀆳s independent innovation,which play an important role in participating in international competition to extend China􀆳s industrial chain,increase internal circulation and drive the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the upstream and downstream of the domestic supply chain.The paper measures the index of breakthrough and incremental innovation of enterprises using POT model.Descriptive statistics show that China􀆳s breakthrough innovation is mainly led by the top 25%of large enterprises,but research intensity of large enterprises is lower than that of the bottom 75%companies.The empirical results showed that:Only research(basic research and applied research)investment intensity has a significant positive impact on the breakthrough innovation of the top 25%of large enterprises,while the impact on the bottom 75%is not significant,indicating that there are differences in the innovation mission of companies of different sizes.The direct effect of government R&D subsidies and tax incentives on breakthrough innovation is not obvious which shows the endogeneity of breakthrough innovation.Government R&D subsidy will promote the top 25%of large companies to increase the scale of research investment,thereby positively stimulate incremental innovation;for the bottom 75%of enterprises,R&D subsidies and tax incentives are beneficial to increase research investment,but restricted by research capabilities,they can only significantly boost incremental innovation.Under the support of policies,large enterprises’R&D have not begun to transform from the development stage to the basic and applied research stage,which is the fundamental reason that limits enterprises􀆳breakthrough innovation.