区域减灾能力研究:进展与挑战

A review of study on regional disaster coping capacity: progress and challenge

【目的】减灾能力评估是区域综合风险防范和能力建设的重要环节。【方法】首先,综述了减灾能力相关研究进展,分析了减灾能力、恢复力和适应能力概念间的关系;其次,界定了综合减灾能力的概念,剖析了其内涵与特征,提出了区域综合减灾能力建设的结构体系和功能体系,从资源要素和过程要素两个维度构建了区域综合减灾能力评估指标体系;最后,探讨了减灾能力综合评估的方法及其适用性,以及未来减灾能力研究的发展方向与研究重点。【结果】结果表明,国外减灾能力相关研究倾向于将恢复力和适应能力的概念广义化,国内学者通过时间尺度区分减灾能力和适应能力;减灾能力评估研究多集中于单一灾种减灾能力评估,综合减灾能力评估还处于起步阶段。【结论】减灾能力具有综合性,综合减灾能力评估研究的关键问题和难点在于通用评价指标体系构建,未来需进一步关注其动态评估和实证研究。

[Objective]Disaster coping capacity assessment is a fundamental part of regional comprehensive disaster risk reduction and capacity building.[Methods]Firstly,the research progress of disaster rcoping capacity is reviewed,and the relationship among the concepts of disaster reduction capability,resilience and adaptability is analyzed.Then,the concept of comprehensive disaster coping capacity is defined,its connotation and characteristics are analyzed.Based on the structural and functional systems of regional disasters,the regional comprehensive disaster coping capacity evaluation index system is constructed from the two dimensions of resource elements and process elements.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the methods for assessing the comprehensive disaster coping capacity are discussed,and some key issues of disaster coping capacity study are also proposed.[Results]The review shows that foreign research on disaster coping ability tends to generalize the concepts of resilience and adaptive capacity,while domestic scholars distinguish disaster coping ability and adaptive capacity.Current research on disaster reduction capacity assessment mostly focuses on individual disaster,comprehensive disaster reduction capacity assessment is still in the early stage.[Conclusion]Disaster coping capacity is very comprehensive,thus the key problem and difficulty are in the construction of a general evaluation index system,the dynamic evaluation and empirical research of comprehensive disaster coping capacity are suggested to be focused for future study.