生态环境和基因型及其互作对滇西高原烤烟化学成分的影响

Effects of Ecological Environment,Genotype and Genotype×Environment Interaction on Chemical Components of Flue-cured Tobacco in Western Yunnan Plateau

【目的】探明生态环境和基因型及互作对滇西高原烤烟主要化学成分的影响,为滇西生态植烟区烤烟品种资源的开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】以云烟87、云烟97、云烟100、云烟105和云烟116为试验材料,测定不同基因型烤烟主要化学成分含量差异,并利用AMMI模型对3个典型植烟区(丽江、楚雄、普洱)烤烟的主要化学成分进行环境响应分析。【结果】生态环境和基因型对滇西高原烤烟化学成分存在不同程度的影响。5个不同基因型品种烤烟除中部叶还原糖外,其余主要化学成分指标差异均不显著。对环境的响应楚雄烟叶表现为两糖含量高、烟碱和总氮含量低,丽江和普洱烟叶表现为上部叶总氮含量高、下部叶烟碱含量低的特点。基因型与C3F总糖,X2F还原糖和氯达显著水平;与X2F总糖达极显著水平。环境与B2F还原糖和烟碱,C3F总氮达显著水平;与B2F总糖和总氮,C3F总糖和氯,X2F总糖、还原糖、氯和总氮达极显著水平。生态环境与基因型互作效应与B2F总糖和总氮,C3F总糖,X2F总糖、还原糖、烟碱和氯达显著水平。5个不同基因型品种烤烟B2F和C3F的化学成分稳定性以Y100最好,以楚雄试验点最稳定。【结论】环境效应是影响滇西高原不同基因型烤烟化学成分含量差异的主导因素,楚雄对不同基因型烤烟化学成分的影响力高于丽江和普洱。

【Objective】The effects of ecological environment,genotype and genotype×environment interaction on main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco are explored to provide the theoretical basis for development and utilization of flue-cured tobacco variety resources in flue-cured tobacco-growing area of western Yunnan Plateau.【Method】The variation in content of main chemical components of five flue-cured tobacco varieties with different genotypes(Yunyan 87,Yunyan 97,Yunyan 100,Yunyan 105 and Yunyan 116)is determined.The response of main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco varieties to environment of three typical flue-cured tobacco-growing areas(Lijiang,Chuxiong and Pu’e)is analysed by AMMI model.【Result】The ecological environment and genotype both have the effects on chemical components of flue-cured tobacco to different degrees.There are no significant differences in main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco among five flue-cured tobacco varieties except for reducing sugar of middle leaves.The response of main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco to environment of Chuxiong flue-cured tobacco-growing area shows higher total sugar and reducing sugar content,and lower nicotine and total nitrogen content.The response of main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco to environment of Lijiang and Pu’er flue-cured tobacco-growing area shows higher total nitrogen content of upper leaves and lower nicotine content of bottom leaves.The genotype is related to total sugar content of C3F and reducing sugar and chlorine content of X2F significantly and total sugar content of X2F very significantly.The environment is related to reducing sugar and nicotine content of B2F and total nitrogen content of C3F significantly,and total sugar and total nitrogen content of B2F,total sugar and chlorine content of C3F and total sugar,reducing sugar,chlorine and total nitrogen content of X2F very significantly.The ecological environment genotype interaction is related to total sugar and total nitrogen content of B2F,total sugar content of C3F,total sugar,reducing sugar,nicotine and chlorine content of X2F significantly.The chemical components stability of B2F and C3F of Yunnan 100 is the best among five flue-cured tobacco varieties with different genotypes.The chemical components of flue-cured tobacco varieties planted in Chuxiong is the stablest among three test sites.【Conclusion】Environmental effect is the dominant factor affecting the difference of chemical components in different genotypes of flue-cured tobacco in West Yunnan Plateau,and the influence of Chuxiong point on the chemical components of different genotypes of tobacco leaves is higher than that in Lijiang and Pu’er.