人权概念与人权话语的整合构造--基于系统论的视角

On the Systematic Integration of Human Rights Concept to Human Rights Discourse

人权概念与人权话语之间虽然有着密切的联系,但其实分属于彼此相对独立的社会子系统,两者具有不同的运作方式。人权概念对人权话语的整合应在相互差异的运作语境中寻找两者之间的沟通环节,才能在关联论的基础上推导人权概念对人权话语的建构、界定、补充及完善等诸项整合逻辑。基于自创生系统理论,人权概念是法律系统中的重要成分,按照法律系统“合法/非法”的二元符码运作和生产;而人权话语则属于政治系统,以“有权/无权”的二元符码作为其运作基础。从政治系统与法律系统“结构耦合”的角度来理解人权概念与人权话语的沟通环节,即通过国家人权治理实践实现人权概念与人权话语的三重整合构造:一是人权概念建构人权话语。从人权规范体系中提炼人权概念作为人权话语的内容。二是人权概念界定人权话语。从人权规范的历史属性和客观属性中归纳人权的核心标准,作为人权话语的外部规范。三是人权概念补充人权话语。通过人权概念的自我更新来补充与丰富人权话语。具有稳定规范意涵的人权话语将促进我国在国际社会的人权商谈实践中取得理解和共识,并赢得更多的人权话语权。

The integration logic of the concept of human rights in human rights discourse should find the communication link between the two in the different operational contexts,so as to deduce the logics of construction,limitation,supplement and improvement of human rights discourse by the concept of human rights on the basis of relevance theory.According to the autopoietic system theory,it is believed that the concept of human rights is an important component in the legal system,which operates and produces according to the binary code of“legal/illegal”in the legal system,while the discourse of human rights belongs to the political system.The binary code of“entitled/unentitled”is used as the basis for its operation.From the perspective of“structural coupling”between the political system and the legal system,we should understand the communication link between the concept of human rights and the discourse of human rights,that is,through the practice of national human rights governance,to realize the triple integration of the concept of human rights and the discourse of human rights:the first is to construct the discourse of human rights.The concept of human rights is extracted from the norm system of human rights as the content of human rights discourse.The second is to limit human rights discourse.The core standards of human rights are summarized from the historical and objective attributes of human rights norms as the outer boundaries of human rights discourse.The third is to supplement human rights discourse.Complement and enrich the human rights discourse from the self-renewal of the concept of human rights.