以观山体验为导向的山地丘陵型城市公共空间评估与优化策略研究——以南京市为例

A Mountain Sightseeing Experience Oriented Study of the Public Space Assessment and Optimization Strategies for Mountainous and Hilly Cities—A Case Study of Nanjing

中国城市化进程已进入存量发展时代,对城市公共空间的评估方法及设计需求也愈发精细化。针对山地丘陵型城市而言,自然山体往往是其城市公共空间塑造及管控的重要参照,通常以人群视觉感知作为评价管控的主要参照之一。过往对于公共空间与自然山体视觉关联的研究多聚焦于通视分析,缺乏人群视觉关注机制的分析解读。为拓展传统分析方法的维度,提出了人群在公共空间中对于自然山体的3个视觉诉求:可视、可感、可知,以及对应的定量分析指标:通视程度、可视山体数量、视觉吸引程度。借助ArcGIS及眼动生理数据监测等分析手段形成了完善的评价方法,以典型山地丘陵型城市南京为例,对所拟定的评价方法予以运用及修正,并根据分析结果将南京主城范围内高质量的观山公共空间分为风景游憩空间、门户节点空间、慢行交通设施沿线绿地、社区公园等小微型绿地4种类型,再结合现状挑战对各类观山空间提出对应的优化策略。

As urbanization in China has entered an era of stock development,and demands for assessment methods and design of urban public spaces are increasingly elaborate,it is of greater importance to further explore the value of urban space.For mountainous and hilly cities,natural mountains are usually important reference for the shaping and control of urban public spaces,and visual perception of crowds is often one aspect of major reference for assessment and control.Previous studies of visual connections between public spaces and natural mountains mostly focused on visibility analysis,without analysis or interpretation of the visual attention mechanism of crowds.In view of this research gap,this paper expanded dimensions of traditional analysis methods,and presented three visual appeals of crowds for natural mountains in public spaces,namely visibility,perceptibility,and knowability,corresponding to the quantitative analysis indicators of the degree of visibility,the number of visible mountains,and the degree of visual attraction.This paper formed an improved method by means of analysis such as ArcGIS and physiological data monitoring of eye movements,which was applied and corrected through the case study of Nanjing,a typical mountainous and hilly city.According to results of analysis,high-quality public spaces for mountain sightseeing in the urban area of Nanjing were classified into the five categories of large public greenbelts and scenic areas,landscapes along traffic facilities,and gateway and joint spaces,and then corresponding optimization strategies were provided for different categories of mountain sightseeing spaces based on current challenges.