链格孢毒素化学结构、毒性效应和检测方法研究进展

Research Progress on Chemical Structure,Toxic Effects and Detection Methods of Alternaria Toxins

链格孢(Alternaria sp.)是自然界常见的真菌微生物,也是造成许多农作物、蔬菜和水果病害的病原微生物。链格孢毒素是链格孢产生的多种次级代谢物的总称,其作用机制是当前研究中的热点问题。链格孢毒素影响植物宿主亚细胞结构,包括叶绿体、线粒体、质膜、细胞核等。根据链格孢与宿主的作用特性,可将链格孢毒素分为宿主特异性毒素(Host⁃specific toxin,HST)和宿主非特异性毒素(Non⁃host⁃specific toxin,nHST)两类。综述了多种重要的HST和nHST的化学结构、毒性效应和检测技术,比较了不同种类链格孢毒素化学结构特征异同、毒性效应靶向位点差异、不同检测方法的优劣,为控制链格孢病害和开发毒素检测方法提供参考。

Alternaria sp.is ubiquitous in nature and a causal agent of various crops,vegetables,and fruits diseases.Alternaria toxins are a general term for different secondary metabolites produced during the Alternaria infection process.The disease mechanism caused by Alternaria toxins is a hot issue in the current research.Alternaria toxins negatively impact subcellular structures,including chloroplast,mitochondria,plasma membrane,nucleus,etc.Based on interaction characteristics of Alternaria and host,Alternaria toxins are classified into host⁃specific toxins(HST)and non⁃host⁃specific toxins(nHST).This review focuses on the chemical structure,pathogenicity,and detection techniques of important Alternaria toxins,including the similarities and differences of chemical structure characteristics,differences of targets of pathogenicity,and advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods,which could provide reference for the control of Alternaria disease and the development of toxin detection methods.