不同品种马铃薯块茎Cd吸收特征及食用安全性评价

The Cd Absorption Characteristics and Edible Safety Evaluation of Different Varieties of Potato Tubers

在黔西北T、Y两地镉(Cd)污染耕地采用田间试验法,以黔西北主要种植的21个马铃薯品种为研究对象,分析品种与环境的作用效应,探讨不同品种马铃薯块茎Cd吸收特征及其食用安全性,为黔西北马铃薯的安全种植提供参考。结果表明,Y地不同品种马铃薯产量介于3564.3~15271.8 kg/hm2,均值为9200.1 kg/hm2;T地不同品种马铃薯产量介于1825.9~16305.6 kg/hm2,均值为6754.0 kg/hm2;T、Y两地均以转心乌块茎产量最高;品种、环境及品种与环境互作对马铃薯块茎产量均有极显著影响。Y地不同品种马铃薯块茎Cd含量介于0.061~0.153 mg/kg,均值为0.094 mg/kg;T地不同品种马铃薯块茎Cd含量介于0.055~0.111 mg/kg,均值为0.080 mg/kg;品种、环境及品种与环境互作对马铃薯块茎Cd含量均有极显著影响。Y、T两地参试的21个马铃薯品种块茎Cd超标率分别为38.09%、14.29%,两地青薯9号块茎Cd含量均最低。食用安全性评价显示,食用研究区超标马铃薯品种对人体健康风险较小,但结合块茎Cd含量,建议Cd超标马铃薯品种作为工业原料使用更安全。

Field experiments were conducted in Cd⁃contaminated farmland in T and Y locations of northwest Guizhou.Twenty one common potato varieties in northwest Guizhou were used as research objects to analyze the effect of varieties and environment,and to explore the Cd absorption characteristics and edible safety of different varieties of potato tubers,in order to provide practical reference for the safe planting of potatoes in northwest Guizhou.The results showed that the yield of different potato varieties in Y location ranged from 3564.3 kg/ha to 15271.8 kg/ha,with an average of 9200.1 kg/ha.The yield of different potato varieties in T location ranged from 1825.9 kg/ha to 16305.6 kg/ha,with an average of 6754.0 kg/ha.Zhuanxinwu in T and Y locations had the highest potato tuber yield.Variety,environment and their interaction had significant effects on potato tuber yield.The Cd content in tubers of different potato varieties in Y location ranged from 0.061 to 0.153 mg/kg,with an average of 0.094 mg/kg.The Cd content in tubers of different potato varieties in T location ranged from 0.055 to 0.111 mg/kg,with an average of 0.080 mg/kg.Variety,environment and their interaction had significant effects on Cd content in potato tubers.The standard exceeding rates of Cd in 21 potato varieties tested in Y and T locations were 38.09%and 14.29%,respectively.The Cd content in tubers of Qingshu 9 was the lowest in both Y and T.The edible safety evaluation showed that eating Cd⁃excessive potato varieties had less risk to human health,but considering the Cd content in tubers,it is suggested that the varieties of potato with excessive Cd content should be used as industrial raw materials more safely.