旅游驱动型传统村落农户生计转型和文化适应研究——以江永县兰溪村为例

Livelihood transformation and cultural adaptation of tourism-driven traditional village farmers:a case study of Lanxi Village,Jiangyong County

旅游作为当前传统村落开发的重要方式,直接给当地农户的生计和文化带来了深刻影响.探讨农户生计转型与文化适应,对于旅游驱动型传统村落的可持续发展至关重要.该文以湖南省江永县兰溪村为例,从可持续生计框架的角度出发,利用问卷调查测量农户的生计资本指数和生计多样化指数,将农户分为均衡经营型、其他商贸型、旅游主导型、务工主导型、规模种植型和传统纯农型等6大类型,分析了每一类型农户的生计转型,并以半结构式访谈的方法从日常生活、传统规则、民族认同和民族节庆等角度进行了文化适应性分析.研究结果表明:1)生计多样化指数和生计资本指数越高,农户的生计转型情况越好,生计结果也越可观.2)生计转型程度越高,农户的文化适应能力越强.根据研究结果,后续的相关研究应深入探讨传统村落旅游的可持续性、农户失权现象的影响以及文化适应的反作用等问题.

As an important way of traditional village development at present,tourism has a profound impact on the livelihood and culture of local farmers.Discussing the transformation of farmers livelihood and cultural adaptation is very important for the sustainable development of tourism-driven traditional villages.Taking Lanxi Village,Jiangyong County,Hunan Province as an example,questionnaires were used to measure farmers livelihood capital index and livelihood diversification index from the perspective of sustainable livelihood framework,and farmers are classified into six major types,including balanced management,other business,tourism-oriented,migrant worker-oriented,large-scale planting and traditional pure agricultural.Based on this,livelihood transformation of each type of farmer was analyzed,and at the same time,cultural adaptation was investigated by semi-structured interviews from four aspects:daily life,traditional rules,national identity and ethnic festivals.The conclusions are as follows.1)The higher the livelihood diversification index and livelihood capital index,the better the livelihood transformation of farmers and the more considerable the livelihood outcomes.2)The higher the degree of livelihood transformation,the stronger the cultural adaptability of farmers.According to the research results,the follow-up research on the livelihood transformation and cultural adaptation of tourism-driven traditional villages should pay in-depth attention to the sustainable development of tourism,the impact of farmers loss of power,and the reaction of culture.