越南古医籍《海上医宗心领》气血理论探析

Analysis on Qi and Blood Theory in the Ancient Vietnamese Medical Book

《海上医宗心领》是越南后黎朝时期名医黎有卓编撰的一部汉文为主的医学全书。原书纂辑中国历代医学文献精华并注解辨析,同时记载黎有卓临证实践经验。通过对照中国医籍,梳理全书有关气血理论的核心观点,探究渊源和挖掘特色,认为黎有卓博采《黄帝内经》及元明医家的气血学说,深入阐述后天气血与阴阳、水火、脾胃的关系,提出补后天气血为治病求本之法。黎有卓临证首重扶正,善用四君子汤、四物汤等补气血名方,结合具体病证创制后天六味方、后天八味方等补气血新方。全书蕴含的气血理论认识与实践,是中医学体系在域外不同文化背景和历史环境下继承和运用的真实反映,具有本土化特色。

Hai Shang Yi Zong Xin Ling,which is mainly written in Chinese,is an ancient Vietnamese medical book compiled by LI Youzhuo.LI Youzhuo was a famous doctor in Vietnam's post-Le dynasty period.This book excerpted and annotated the essence of Chinese medical literatures in past dynasties,and recorded LI Youzhuo's clinical practice experience.By comparing the ancient Chinese medical books,especially the viewpoints on the theory of qi and blood,this paper argues that LI Youzhuo made reference to the qi and blood theory of Huangdi Neijing and other Chinese physicians in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties,and expounded the dialectical relations among qi and blood,yin and yang,fire and water,spleen and stomach deeply.LI Youzhuo suggested that nourishing the postnatal qi and blood is a preferred method for general diseases,which is treating disease from the root.In clinical practice,LI Youzhuo paid attention to promoting the healthy qi,and he was good at using famous prescriptions such as Sijunzi Tang(四君子汤)and Siwu Tang(四物汤).He created many new prescriptions such as Houtian Liuwei Fang(后天六味方)and Houtian Bawei Fang(后天八味方)combining with specific disease.This book embodies LI Youzhuo's understanding and practice of the qi and blood theory,which is a true reflection of the inheritance and application of traditional Chinese medicine system in different cultural backgrounds and historical environments outside the region.It contains localized features.