农用地征收补偿标准制定主体正当性探析——以《土地管理法》第48条第3款为视角

On the Justification for Compensation Standard Formulation Body in Case of Farmland Expropriation:From the Perspective of Article 48(3)of Land Admistrative Law

《土地管理法》第48条将统一区片综合地价的标准制定主体规定为省、自治区和直辖市,但并未明确该标准的制定主体是立法机关还是行政机关。实践中,“区片综合地价”的制定均由省级人民政府(主管部门)完成。在改造路径上,应该将农用地征收补偿标准制定主体进一步明确为省级人大及其常委会,并对程序加以规范。从短期来看,应完善相关行政听证程序,提高公民在决策中的参与度,特别需要为公民在立法程序中提供参与渠道。从长远来看,土地征收事务属于中央事权而非地方事权,不应属于相对的法律保留范畴。由省级人大制定该标准仅是全国人大未进行立法之前的权宜之策,待各省、自治区、直辖市的标准相对统一以后,再上升为国家立法。为了增强农用地征收补偿的权威性和科学性,宜进行《土地征收法》立法。

Article 48 of the Land Administration Law stipulates that the main body for formulating the comprehensive land price standard for a unified area shall be the provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.However,it is not clear whether the main body of the standard formulation is the legislative department or the government agency.In practice,the formulation of the“composite land parcel prices”is completed by the provincial people’s government(competent authority).On the path of transformation,the main body of farmland compensation standards should be further defined as provincial people’s congresses and their standing committees,and the procedure should be regulated.In the short term,relevant administrative hearing procedures should be improved to increase the participation of citizens in decision-making,especially the need to provide channels for citizens to participate in the legislative process.In the long run,land expropriation matters should belong to the central government rather than local governments and should not fall under the category of relative legal reservation.This standard is formulated by the provincial people’s congresses are only expedient measures before the NPC enacts legislation.After the standards of various provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government are relatively unified,they will be raised to national legislation.In order to enhance the authority and scientific nature of compensation for expropriation of farmland,the“Land Expropriation Law”should be legislated.