深圳大鹏新区典型自然与人工植物群落结构特征分析

Structural Characteristics Analysis of Typical Natural and Artificial Plant Communities in Dapeng New District of Shenzhen

为了解自然、半自然与人工植物群落结构特征差异,采用随机结合典型的群落调查方法,选取深圳市大鹏新区3个典型植物群落进行结构及多样性的对比研究。结果表明:自然植物群落的均匀度、丰富度均高于半自然与人工植物群落,α-多样性指数特征为自然群落>半自然群落>人工群落;自然与半自然植物群落乔木层的植株高度与盖度成极显著正相关(P<0.01);人工植物群落生态优势度高,优势种突出,自然植物群落植物均匀度较高,植物间重要值差距缩小,优势种地位下降;自然植物群落垂直结构(地上部分)物种数量丰富且分布均匀,植物的生长充分利用垂直空间;自然植物群落中记录有土沉香、香港带唇兰、金毛狗、石仙桃国家二级保护植物,人工植物群落中有入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊。通过对比研究可知,自然植物群落结构稳定且多样性高,对自然植物群落的调查研究可为促进生态稳定及植被恢复提供参考。

In order to understand the differences in the structural characteristics of natural,semi-natural and artificial plant communities,three typical plant communities in Dapeng New District of Shenzhen were selected to comparatively study the structure and diversity of plant communities by using the random combined with typical community investigation method.The results showed that the evenness and richness of natural plant community were higher than those of semi-natural and artificial plant communities,and theα-diversity index character was natural community>semi-natural community>artificial community.There was a significant positive correlation between plant height and coverage of tree layer in the natural and semi-natural plant communities(P<0.01).The ecological dominance of the artificial plant community was high,and the dominant species were prominent.The plant evenness of the natural plant community was high,the important value gap between plants was narrowed,and the status of the dominant species was decreased.The species in the vertical structure(aboveground part)of natural plant community were abundant and evenly distributed,and the vertical space was fully utilized for plant growth.In the natural plant community,Aquilaria sinensis,Tainia hongkongensis,Polypodium barometz,and Pholidota chinensis were recorded as the national secondary protected plants,while in the artificial plant community,the invasive plant Wedelia trilobata was recorded.Through the comparative study,it could be seen that the structure of natural plant community was stable and the diversity was high.The investigation and study of natural plant community could provide reference for promoting the ecological stability and the vegetation restoration.