北京市蔬菜采后初加工情况调研

Investigation on Preliminary Processing of Vegetables after Harvest in Beijing

对北京市8个主要涉农区67家农产品生产经营主体的采后生产现状、技术设备应用、销售渠道、技术政策需求等情况开展调研。结果显示:67家主体2021年蔬菜、西甜瓜、草莓、鲜食玉米和食用菌初加工总量77 696.0 t,同比增长19%;主要初加工技术应用率由高到低分别为分级(91.04%)、包装(88.06%)、预冷(64.18%)和保鲜技术(59.70%)。应用率最高的设备为包装机,达到56.72%;京郊蔬菜产品周转时间较短,加工后产品贮藏时间小于24小时的达64.18%,季节性使用冷库的占比最高,为31.34%;蔬菜采后销售方式多样,电商销售(56.72%)、休闲采摘(49.25%)、社区团购(47.76%)位列前三;受访者最迫切的技术需求是保鲜(74.63%),其次为包装(67.16%);在引进产地初加工设备(74.63%)方面获得政策支持的需求最强烈。

This paper conducted investigation and research on the post-harvest production status,technical equipment application,marketing channel,technology policy demand,etc.status of 67 main bodies of agricultural production and management in 8 mainly agriculture-related districts of Beijing.The results showed that the total amount of initial processing vegetables,watermelon,strawberry,fresh maize and edible mushrooms in 2021 was 77696.0 t.Year-on-year growth was 19%.The applied rate of main primary processing technology from high to low were grading(91.04%),packaging(88.06%),precooling(64.18%)and preservation(59.70%).The equipment with the highest application rate is packaging machine,reaching 56.72%.Turnover time of vegetable products in Bejing outskirts was shorter.The storage time for products after processing less than 24 h had reached 64.18%.The proportion of seasonal cold storage use was the highest,reaching 31.34%.There were various sale methods for postharvest vegetables,e-commerce(56.72%),leisure picking(49.25%)and community group purchasing(47.76%)ranked the top three.The most needed technology by interviewee was preservation(74.63%),followed by packaging(67.16%).The most needed policy support was the introduction of primary processing equipment(74.63%).